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  1. Environment
  • Year report
    • 2023 ✓
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  • Poland
  • Overview
    • Contextual information
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  • Safety
    • PRB monitoring
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  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Horizontal flight efficiency
    • Terminal performance
      • AXOT & ASMA
      • CDO
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
      • Other indicators
    • Terminal performance
      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

  • Cost-efficiency
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ - Poland EPWA
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ - Poland Others
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result

Environment - Poland

Download Report

PRB monitoring

▪ Poland achieved a KEA performance of 4.58% compared to its target of 1.65% and did not contribute positively towards achieving the Union-wide target.

▪ The NSA states that the worsening environmental performance was largely due to external factors linked to the geopolitical situation (Belarus and Ukraine), leading to route extensions and increased military activities.

▪ Both KEP and SCR improved in comparison with 2022. Despite the KEA target being missed, the improvement in SCR shows that Poland has improved the environmental efficiency of its airspace when accounting for impacts outside of its control.

▪ The share of CDO flights decreased marginally from 43.47% to 42.78% in 2023.

▪ During 2023, additional time in terminal airspace decreased from 1.27 to 1.19 min/flight, while additional taxi out time increased from 2.28 to 2.59 min/flight.

En route performance

Horizontal flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (KEA) (KPI#1), of the last filed flight plan (KEP) (PI#1) & shortest constrained route (SCR) (PI#2)

Terminal performance

Additional taxi-out time (AXOT) (PI#3) & Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) time (PI#4)

Focus on ASMA & AXOT

AXOT

Additional taxi-out times at Warsaw (EPWA; 2019: 3.43 min/dep.; 2020: 1.99 min/dep.; 2021: 2.11 min/dep.; 2022: 2.28 min/dep.; 2023: 2.59 min/dep.) slightly increased once more, although remained under the SES average for 2023 (2.81 min/dep.)
According to the Polish monitoring report: 2023 additional taxi-out time may be attributed to significant airside work in progress. Ongoing work on revalidating A-CDM may be a factor in reducing this index in near future. Planned initiatives include Traffic Complexity Tool (Fast time simulations) and A-SMGCS.

ASMA

Additional times in the terminal airspace of Warsaw (EPWA; 2019: 2.09 min/arr.; 2020: 1.21 min/arr.; 2021: 1.05 min/arr.; 2022: 1.27 min/arr.; 2023: 1.19 min/arr.) in 2023 decreased slighlty but they still exceed the SES average of 1.16 min/arr.
For information on measures implemented over 2020-2022, the Polish monitoring report refers to the respective Annual Monitoring Reports.
For 2023, the Polish monitoring report mentions: There are several changes in Warszawa TMA planned to reduce the additional time in that airspace. A change to the radar separation minimum from 5 NM to 3 NM in the TMA is planned as well as a partial implementation of RECAT-EU. Both of these changes are expected to allow to reduce the distance flown by the aircraft in the terminal airspace thus reducing the time. Moreover, sectorisation change of the Warszawa TMA is planned that is expected to bring further improvement. All of the above-mentioned changes are planned to be implemented early RP4.

Share of arrivals applying continuous descent operations (CDOs) (PI#5)

Focus CDOs

All airports have shares of CDO flights (well) above the overall RP3 value in 2023 (28.8%) except for Warszawa-Radom (EPRA - 22.5%).
Lublin, Olsztyn-Mazury, Rzeszów-Jasionka, Szczecin-Goleniów and Warszawa/Modlin had (slightly) higher values than in 2022 (EPLB: +3.5 percentage points; EPSY: +1.5 percentage points; EPRZ: +6.7 percentage points; EPSC: + 0.8 percentage points; EPMO: + 5.0 percentage points) while the values for the other airports decreased (between -26.2 and -0.1 percentage points).
According to the Polish monitoring report: For information on measures implemented over 2020-2022 please see the respective Annual Monitoring Reports.
Planned reduction of the radar separation minimum in Warszawa TMA from 5 NM to 3 NM is expected to allow a greater number of operations to be performed as CDA. The change is planned to be implemented early RP4.

Airport level
Airport Name
Additional taxi-out time (PI#3)
Additional ASMA time (PI#4)
Share of arrivals applying CDO (PI#5)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Warsaw 1.99 2.11 2.28 2.59 NA 1.21 1.05 1.27 1.19 NA 51% 49% 45% 44% NA
Bydgoszcz NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 43% 42% 39% 37% NA
Gdansk NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 58% 49% 51% 48% NA
Krakow NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 53% 45% 45% 45% NA
Katowice NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 49% 46% 39% 38% NA
Lublin / Świdnik NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 37% 39% 37% 40% NA
Lodz NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 42% 35% 34% 33% NA
Modlin NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 66% 61% 55% 60% NA
Poznan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 41% 36% 36% 35% NA
Rzeszow NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 53% 49% 27% 33% NA
Szczecin NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 53% 58% 51% 52% NA
Olsztyn-Mazury NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 48% 54% 39% 41% NA
Wroclaw Airport NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 43% 40% 35% 32% NA
Zielona Gora NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 68% 61% 63% 37% NA
Radom NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 23% NA

Civil-Military dimension

Focus on Civil-Military dimension

Update on Military dimension of the plan

There are over 30 permanent military areas extending over FL95 in FIR EPWW that have the impact on civil traffic flows and thereby can influence the horizontal flight efficiency indicator. Additionally, in FIR EPWW recurring significant multinational NATO military exercises are held including: Anakonda, Astral Knight, AV-DET Rotation, Baltops, Defender, Dragon, Rammstein Guard, Tobruq Legacy. Due to large scale of those exercises there are aircraft stopovers and regroupings on military aerodromes in FIR EPWW that increase the load on ACC GAT and OAT Warszawa that might impact the route efficiency of civil aircrafts. Military aerodromes, including EPLK, EPKS, EPPW, EPMM, are located nearby the main civil aerodromes.
There are agreed procedures and LoA signed between PANSA and the Military side describing the process of airspace management at pre-tactical and tactical level in order to optimise its use. The procedures are continuously updated according to the current needs of both the civilian and military sides. The local ASM system (CAT) automatically exchanges the data with the Network Manager system. ASM information is available in ATM system, additionally published on PANSA website.

Military - related measures implemented or planned to improve capacity

On strategic airspace management level, all significant military exercises and permanent military areas are evaluated and analysed taking into account historic civil traffic flows and civil traffic predictions taking into account both entry count and occupancy.
The locations of the military activities are, whenever possible, designed not to affect the main traffic flows, ATC routes, DCTs and BALTIC FAB connectivity and to have minimal or even No impact on capacity. Segmentation, time and level restrictions are imposed when needed to mitigate the impact in location in heavy traffic periods of the day. If possible, class C TRA airspace is implemented to minimize the impact on civil operations.

Further measures include:
- update of local ASM system/radar data added to visualize military activity in segregated areas. As a result, update of coordination procedures to reduce the time required to release segregated areas back to civil traffic.
- implementation of closer cooperation between AMC Poland and FMP Warszawa in order to reduce as much as possible negative influence of segregated areas on civil traffic. Implementation of new coordination procedures (NPZ management) taking into account forecasted demand of civil traffic on segregated airspace allocation in time on the day of the operations.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#6

On strategic airspace management level, all significant exercises and permanent areas are evaluated and analysed taking into account historic civil traffic flows and civil traffic predictions.
The impact, depending on the scale, is consulted with the key stakeholders including neighboring states, aerodrome operators, aircraft operators, ATS, military, EUROCONTROL NM.
The lateral and vertical limits of the airspace elements published are designated considering the actual needs of users and nature of activities. All airspace elements shall be planned only for the time period necessary to perform the intended task. The user is obliged to specify precisely the period of activity of a selected element and all timely suspensions of activity between these periods.
The locations of the activities are designed not to affect the main traffic flows, ATC routes, DCTs and FRA connectivity. Segmentation, time and level restrictions are imposed when needed to mitigate the impact in location in heavy traffic periods of the day. If possible class C TRA airspace is implemented to minimize the impact on civil routing.
When the areas excess the set scale they are always divided into smaller modules/segments. Each of these segments is designed in order to fit particular activities without necessity to activate the whole area to perform specific assignments. The shape of these segments is always aligned with main civil traffic flows to minimize the horizontal flight inefficiency.

Further measures include:
- update of local ASM system/radar data added to visualize military activity in segregated areas. As a result, update of coordination procedures to reduce the time required to release segregated areas back to civil traffic.
- implementation of closer cooperation between AMC Poland and FMP Warszawa in order to reduce as much as possible negative influence of segregated areas on civil traffic. Implementation of new coordination procedures (NPZ management) taking into account forecasted demand of civil traffic on segregated airspace allocation in time on the day of the operations.
Annual review of the efficiency of airspace utilization is conducted.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#7

The available flight planning options are constantly updated to allow Aircraft Operator (AO) to plan the most horizontally effective trajectory, even when the areas are active. Except ATS network and DCTs, the AOs have the possibility to plan in the Free Route Airspace environment (FRA). Implementation of cross-border free route airspace operations within Lithuanian and Polish airspace (BALTIC FRA) and the cross border operations between BALTIC FRA and South East Europe FRA were implemented in 1Q 2022 which could further increase the planning opportunities. It is planned to further expand cross-border options by implementation of cross-border FRA operations between Poland, Czechia and Sweden by the end of 2024.
The lateral and vertical limits of the airspace elements published are designated considering the actual needs of users and nature of activities. All airspace elements shall be planned only for the time period necessary to perform the intended task. The user is obliged to specify precisely the period of activity of a selected element and all timely suspensions of activity between these periods.
Segmentation, time and level restrictions are imposed when needed to mitigate the impact in location in heavy traffic periods of the day. If possible class C TRA airspace is implemented to minimize the impact on civil routing.
Special procedures are prepared including dynamic change of level or segment and creation of new temporary routings for avoidance of military traffic.

Further measures include:
- update of local ASM system/radar data added to visualize military activity in segregated areas. As a result, update of coordination procedures to reduce the time required to release segregated areas back to civil traffic.
- implementation of closer cooperation between AMC Poland and FMP Warszawa in order to reduce as much as possible negative influence of segregated areas on civil traffic. Implementation of new coordination procedures (NPZ management) taking into account forecasted demand of civil traffic on segregated airspace allocation in time on the day of the operations.
Due to the war in Ukraine and significantly increased number of NATO flights in Polish airspace special procedures were implemented in order to easy flight planning process for AUs. For some areas FUA restrictions are dynamically managed and if possible are not activated on a given days.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#8

The lateral and vertical limits of the airspace elements published are designated considering the actual needs of users and nature of activities. All airspace elements shall be planned only for the period necessary to perform the intended task. The user is obliged to specify precisely the period of activity of a selected element and all timely suspensions of activity between these periods.
Segmentation, time and level restrictions are imposed when needed to mitigate the impact in location in heavy traffic periods of the day. If possible class C TRA airspace is implemented to minimize the impact on civil routing.
Special procedures are prepared including dynamic change of level or area segment.

Further measures include:
- update of local ASM system/radar data added to visualize military activity in segregated areas. As a result, update of coordination procedures to reduce the time required to release segregated areas back to civil traffic.
- implementation of closer cooperation between AMC Poland and FMP Warszawa in order to reduce as much as possible negative influence of segregated areas on civil traffic. Implementation of new coordination procedures (NPZ management) taking into account forecasted demand of civil traffic on segregated airspace allocation in time on the day of the operations.

 
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