Environment - Germany

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PRB monitoring

▪ Germany achieved a KEA performance of 2.69% compared to its target of 2.30% and did not contribute positively towards achieving the Union-wide target.

▪ The NSA states that the effects of increased traffic and establishment of military corridors following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine are stabilising and flight efficiency is marginally improving.

▪ Both KEP and SCR improved in comparison with 2022. Despite the KEA target being missed, the improvement in SCR shows that Germany has improved the environmental efficiency of its airspace when accounting for impacts outside of its control.

▪ The share of CDO flights decreased marginally from 13.44% to 12.73% in 2023.

▪ During 2023, additional time in terminal airspace increased from 1.08 to 1.11 min/flight, while additional taxi out time increased from 1.81 min/flight to 2.28 min/flight.

En route performance

Horizontal flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (KEA) (KPI#1), of the last filed flight plan (KEP) (PI#1) & shortest constrained route (SCR) (PI#2)

Terminal performance

Additional taxi-out time (AXOT) (PI#3) & Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) time (PI#4)

AXOT

The additional taxi-out times in 2023 at German airports was 21% higher than in 2022. Evolution at each airport is different without any drastic changes, except for Frankfurt, where there was a 71% increase (EDDF; 2019: 3.85 min/dep.; 2020: 1.90 min/dep.; 2021: 1.34 min/dep.; 2022: 1.81 min/dep.; 2023: 3.10 min/dep.) getting closer to 2019 values. Both Frankfurt and Munich exceed the SES average for additional taxi-out time in 2023 of 2.81 min/dep.
According to the German monitoring report: This data is not collected by DFS. The development of improved Airport-CDM in cooperation with the airports continues.
The NSA is monitoring the KPA Environment by regularly checking the current performance by using the existing dashboards.

The German monitoring report takes the values from the SES DB: (https://www.eurocontrol.int/prudata/dashboard/vis/2023/)

ASMA

The additional ASMA times in 2023 at German airports was 25% higher than in 2022. Berlin Brandenburg and Munich observed an increase of 25% and 27% respectively. The highest increase was observed at Hamburg (EDDH; 2019: 1,22 min/arr.; 2020: 0,60 min/arr.; 2021: 0,45 min/arr.; 2022: 0,55 min/arr.; 2023: 0.84 min/arr.)
In comparison with the 2023 SES average of 1.16 min/arr.: Franfurt (EDDF; 2019: 2.17 min/arr.; 2020: 1.73 min/arr.; 2021: 1.51 min/arr.; 2022: 1.65 min/arr.; 2023: 1.50 min/arr.), Cologne (EDDK; 2019: 1.15 min/arr.; 2020: 0.88 min/arr.; 2021: 1.27 min/arr.; 2022: 1.3 min/arr.; 2023: 1.36 min/arr.) and Munich (EDDM; 2019: 2,07 min/arr.; 2020: 1,12 min/arr.; 2021: 1,20 min/arr.; 2022: 0,92 min/arr.; 2023: 1.17 min/arr.) exceed that value.

According to German monitoring report: DFS is constantly optimising its approach system in order to improve capacity (open STARS) and to reduce detours (adjustments in IAPs during PBN transition).
The NSA is monitoring the KPA Environment by regularly checking the current performance by using the existing dashboards.
Source of above shown values for 2023: SES DB (https://www.eurocontrol.int/prudata/dashboard/vis/2023/)
DFS does not collect the data for the formation of this PI.

Share of arrivals applying continuous descent operations (CDOs) (PI#5)

All German airports had shares of CDO flights below the RP3 overall value in 2023 (28.8%). Only Berlin Brandenburg (EDDB), Bremen (EDDW), Erfurt (EDDE), Leipzig (EDDP) and Münster-Osnabrück (EDDG) saw an improvement in the share of CDOs. Overall, the share of CDO decreased from 12.7% in 2022 to 12.0% in 2023.
The two airports with the highest traffic numbers, Frankfurt (EDDF) and Munich (EDDM), still have a very low share of CDO flights.
According to the German monitoring report: No additional procedures are currently planned or being considered. Continuous Descent Operations (CDO) are applied within the framework of published procedures whenever traffic conditions allow.

The NSA is monitoring the KPA Environment by regularly checking the current performance by using the existing dashboards.
Source of above shown values is unknown. The SES Dashboard shows the following values for 2023: EDDB 0,19; EDDE 0,15; EDDG 0,21; EDDK 0,19; EDDL 0,18; EDDN 0,13; EDDP 0,13; EDDV 0,25; EDDW 0,21

Airport level
Airport Name
Additional taxi-out time (PI#3)
Additional ASMA time (PI#4)
Share of arrivals applying CDO (PI#5)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Berlin Schönefeld 1.29 1.90 1.58 1.91 NA 0.40 0.93 0.59 0.74 NA 29% 23% 21% 22% NA
Berlin-Tegel 0.94 NA NA NA NA 0.72 NA NA NA NA 26% NA NA NA NA
Bremen 0.60 0.65 0.69 0.56 NA 0.51 0.26 0.29 0.33 NA 25% 16% 23% 24% NA
Köln-Bonn 1.36 1.34 1.22 1.39 NA 0.88 1.27 1.30 1.36 NA 29% 25% 18% 18% NA
Dresden 0.46 0.46 0.76 0.39 NA 0.40 0.19 0.15 0.15 NA 24% 22% 21% 21% NA
Düsseldorf 1.37 1.33 1.63 1.92 NA 1.25 0.59 0.91 0.96 NA 27% 24% 19% 16% NA
Erfurt 0.41 0.48 0.59 0.63 NA 0.17 0.26 0.69 0.43 NA 20% 22% 14% 17% NA
Frankfurt 1.90 1.34 1.81 3.10 NA 1.73 1.51 1.65 1.50 NA 8% 7% 5% 4% NA
Hamburg 0.91 1.12 1.37 1.30 NA 0.60 0.45 0.55 0.84 NA 33% 26% 27% 24% NA
Hannover 1.03 0.73 1.01 1.04 NA 0.65 0.13 0.24 0.33 NA 33% 32% 27% 26% NA
Leipzig 2.01 3.68 2.40 2.59 NA 2.07 1.91 1.61 1.16 NA 18% 15% 12% 14% NA
Münster-Osnabrück 1.02 1.19 1.09 1.06 NA 0.53 0.28 0.39 0.32 NA 17% 19% 23% 24% NA
München 2.48 3.12 2.70 2.94 NA 1.12 1.20 0.92 1.17 NA 11% 10% 5% 5% NA
Nürnberg 0.63 0.92 1.35 0.84 NA 0.43 0.32 0.33 0.22 NA 21% 19% 14% 14% NA
Saarbrücken 2.43 2.72 2.15 2.01 NA 0.61 0.46 0.43 0.38 NA 14% 11% 12% 12% NA
Stuttgart 1.85 1.87 1.91 1.66 NA 0.56 0.32 0.51 0.46 NA 16% 16% 10% 9% NA

Civil-Military dimension

Update on Military dimension of the plan

For obvious flight safety reasons, military activities must be segregated from civil flows which has an impact on both horizontal (HFE) and vertical flight efficiency (VFE).
Because ASM manageable areas form an integral part of the nominal system, military airspace reservations shall be considered as part of the performance baseline rather than a key factor degrading environmental KPIs.
As a result of implementation of the FUA concept the impact of military activities using Restricted Airspace (RSA) on civil performance is highly minored when associated with an efficient ASM process:
- At strategic level (HLAPB) by designing areas in accordance with A-FUA concept (MVPA/VGA structures), especially for congested airspaces.
- At pre-tactical level (AMC), by managing these areas in a dynamic way, with an associated level 2 CDM process, validated by HLAPB.
- At tactical level (ACC/Regional Military Control Centre) by activating/deactivating areas as close as possible to actual use and allowing crossing or direct routes when possible (in accordance with TRA status), with an associated level 3 CDM process validated by HLAPB.
- At each level, HLAPB, AMC or ACC/Regional Military Control Centre, a key factor of efficiency is a trust-driven civil-military cooperation. As a counterpart, AOs and CFSPs must be reactive and take efficiently into account available or released airspaces. At last, ANSP have also to adapt the route network to create more DCTs within military areas.
Finally, local circumstances (e.g. constrained airspace, proximity of international hubs, etc….) as well as a large number of military missions that differ from one State to another must be taken into account. Therefore, airspace needs (e.g. airspace requirements for the 5th generation fighters) and related ASM procedures of the States differ and standardized objectives cannot be defined.

Military - related measures implemented or planned to improve capacity

FABEC States are working on mid-term improvements regarding implementation of ASM level 1. 2. and 3 procedures. Some local initiatives regarding ASM/ATFCM convergence, like the traffic Light Scheme concept in France are promoted at FABEC level, as well as at ECAC level in the EUROCONTROL OEP framework.
Another major improvement is the interconnection of the existing ASM tools (e.g. LARA, STANLY_ACOS) at FABEC Level, to enhance regional coordination among FABEC AMCs as well as with the NM.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#6

No data available.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#7

No data available.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#8

No data available.