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  1. Environment
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  • Spain
  • Overview
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  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Horizontal flight efficiency
    • Terminal performance
      • AXOT & ASMA
      • CDO
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
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    • Terminal performance
      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

  • Cost-efficiency
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ - Spain Continental
      • Unit cost
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      • Regulatory Result
    • En route CZ - Spain Canarias
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ
      • Unit cost
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      • Regulatory Result

Environment - Spain

Download Report

PRB monitoring

▪ Spain achieved a KEA performance of 3.32% compared to its target of 3.08% and did not contribute positively towards achieving the Union-wide target. KEA worsened by 0.02 p.p. compared to 2021.

▪ The NSA states that the increase in KEA is due to traffic recovery and to transition plans for the new ATM system which requires mitigation measures in Reims, Lisbon, Marseille, and possibly Casablanca, leading to re-routings.

▪ Both KEP and SCR decreased in 2022 in comparison to 2021 and were at their lowest values in the past five years.

▪ The share of CDO flights decreased by 1.12% compared to 2021.

▪ During 2022, additional time in terminal airspace increased from 0.88 to 1.14 min/flight, while additional taxi out time increased from 2.01 to 2.64 min/flight.

En route performance

Horizontal flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (KEA) (KPI#1), of the last filed flight plan (KEP) (PI#1) & shortest constrained route (SCR) (PI#2)

Terminal performance

Additional taxi-out time (AXOT) (PI#3) & Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) time (PI#4)

Focus on ASMA & AXOT

AXOT

The additional taxi out time (aggregated for the 6 airports monitored in RP3) increased in 2022 by 31.3% in relation to the value of 2021. At Barcelona (LEBL; 2019: 4.48 min/dep.; 2020: 1.84 min/dep.; 2021: 2.33 min/dep.; 2022: 3.6 min/dep.) the additiona taxi-out times increased significantly in 2022 resulting in the third highest value amongst the SES monitored airports. The rest of airports observed a slight increase with respect to 2021, but remained around or below the SES average (2.52 min/dep.).

According to the Spanish monitoring report, the increase in these additional times is mainly due to the growth in traffic demand which is recovering from the COVID crisis. In general, the greatest increase throughout the year occurs in the high season months of each airport, except at LEMD where it is more uniform. Variations in this indicator are related to traffic, especially at airports such as LEPA. There is work in progress regarding the improvement of A-CDM in Madrid, Barcelona, Palma y Málaga (more accurate Taxi times/stand, new TWRUPDATE A-DPI message implementation, etc.). Although LEIB does not yet reach >80k movements, it is monitored together with these 6 airports since it is one of the airports considered in the Spanish performance plan (ESPP3) for RP3. In 2022 it reaches a value of 2,19, 13% higher than the 2021 value (1,94). The additional taxi out time (aggregated for the 7 airports monitored in RP3) has a value of 2,61 and it has increased in 2022 by 30% in relation to the value of 2021 (2,01).

ASMA

The additional time in terminal area (aggregated for the 6 airports monitored in RP3) increased by 31% in relation to the value of 2021. Barcelona (LEBL; 2019: 2.58 min/arr.; 2020: 1.13 min/arr.; 2021: 1.07 min/arr.; 2022: 1.7 min/arr.), like for additional taxi-out times, observed a significant increase of the times spent in the terminal area, with one of the highest values observed in the SES monitored airports. Both Palma (LEPA) , Malaga (LEMG) and Gran Canaria (GCLP) also resulted in additional ASMA time above the SES average (1.06 min/arr.).

According to the Spanish monitoring report the increase of the additional ASMA times at these airports is mainly due to the growth in traffic demand which is recovering from the COVID crisis. In general, the greatest increase throughout the year occurs in the high season months of each airport but this relationship is not as strong as it is with AXOT. Variations in this indicator are related to traffic, especially at airports such as LEPA. Some restructuring projects are planned for the coming years in the main TMAs in Spain:
- PBN SIDs, STARs and ILS & RNP APCH in Madrid TMA
- PBN SIDs in Barcelona TMA
- PBN SIDs, ILS & RNP APCH in Palma TMA
- PBN STARs in Malaga
- Reorganization of Canarias TMA

Although LEIB does not yet reach >80k movements, it is monitored together with these 6 airports since it is one of the airports considered in the Spanish performance plan (ESPP3) for RP3. In 2022 it reaches a value of 1,14, 31% higher than the 2021 value (0,87). The additional time in terminal area (aggregated for the 7 airports monitored in RP3) has a value of 1,13 and it has increased in 2022 by 28% in relation to the value of 2020 (0,88).

Share of arrivals applying continuous descent operations (CDOs) (PI#5)

Focus CDOs

Only Madrid (LEMD: 28.2%) has its share of CDO flights below the overall RP3 value in 2022 (29.0%). All other airports have shares of CDO flights above the overall RP3 value in 2022, ranging from 31.8% (LEIB) to 49.6% (LEMG). Malaga (LEMG) had an increase of 2.8 percentage points while the values for Madrid (LEMD), Palma de Mallorca (LEPA) and Ibiza (LEIB) stayed almost the same. All other airports had a decrease of the share of CDO flights with respect to 2021, ranging from -1.3 percentage points (LEBL) to -2.5 percentage points (LEAL). Over the summer months, the share of CDO flights is generally lower.

According to the Spanish monitoring report: The share of arrivals applying continuous descent operation (aggregated for the 7 airports monitored in RP3) has remained at the same level as in 2021, despite the growth in traffic demand which is recovering from the COVID crisis. In general, the greatest decrease throughout the year occurs in the high season months of each airport but this relationship is not as strong as it is with AXOT. Variations in this indicator are related to traffic, especially at airports such as LEPA.

The conditions of use of continuous descent procedures mean that the use of this type of procedure is not always compatible with the techniques used when it is necessary to manage medium/high traffic demands at airports/TMAs. Therefore, the authorisation of these procedures must be compatible with the airport’s operations in order to meet the demand without establishing restrictions. In the long term, there are plans to modify the structure of the CDA procedures currently published at some airports and to transfer to the arrival procedures section of the AIP the information to proceed with the continuous descent from some point of the STARs to the IAF, to some point of the intermediate approach or to the IF, thus maximising the use of these operations.

This PI is being monitored by AESA twice a year to evaluate the evolution of the indicators. If significant deviations are found, the possible causes will be analysed by contacting the relevant stakeholder.

Airport level
Airport
Additional taxi-out time (PI#3)
Additional ASMA time (PI#4)
Share of arrivals applying CDO (PI#5)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Alicante 0.70 1.15 1.49 NA NA 0.41 0.62 0.72 NA NA 45% 40% 37% NA NA
Barcelona 1.84 2.33 3.60 NA NA 1.13 1.07 1.70 NA NA 39% 36% 34% NA NA
Las Palmas 1.09 1.75 2.03 NA NA 0.84 1.08 1.29 NA NA 47% 43% 41% NA NA
Ibiza 1.18 1.94 2.19 NA NA 0.61 1.05 0.90 NA NA 41% 31% 32% NA NA
Madrid/Barajas 2.12 2.11 2.57 NA NA 0.62 0.52 0.64 NA NA 32% 28% 28% NA NA
Malaga 1.39 2.20 2.56 NA NA 0.81 0.95 1.08 NA NA 54% 47% 50% NA NA
Palma De Mallorca 0.69 1.83 2.32 NA NA 0.35 1.13 1.39 NA NA 47% 38% 37% NA NA

Civil-Military dimension

Focus on Civil-Military dimension

Update on Military dimension of the plan

Civil-Military coordination regarding Flexible Use of Airspace is on progress at strategic level established within CIDETMA (previous CIDEFO). Dissemination of progress on FUA to civil operators is considered an enabler to achieve Flight Plans using more efficient routes through the Civil Use of Release Airspace (CURA). A new procedure for establishing variable lateral and vertical limits within the defined ARES (Reserved Airspace Areas) has been approved and implementation is ongoing through 2023.

Based on the Principles of FUA, additional capacity to the planned one could be provided once the airspace used for military operations and training is released.

Additional information related to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine

Awareness of the need of larger areas for training in accordance with the new situation. There is an ongoing study on where to locate the needed areas.

Military - related measures implemented or planned to improve capacity

Spanish Air and Space Force has been active participant in the general meetings to implement the Spanish Free Route Airspace Programme (HISPAFRA). An specific group composed by ENAIRE and Spanish Air Force has been working to further improve the coordination for the implementation of FRA, with a special focus in ASM related matters. Furthermore, a close coordination work with the Network Manager is ongoing.

Single CDR category has been implemented in 2022 by means of a National SCC transition plan. The plan has simplified the management of Airspace allowing the reservation of most of the ARES on D-1 and therefore improving the civil use of the airspace whilst maintaining the necessary allocation for military training and operations.

As explained above a level 1 document on “Procedimiento conjunto civil militar de criterios para la creación de estructuras de espacio aéreo con límites laterales y verticales ajustables y opciones múltiples de reserva y rutas” has been agreed helping to facilitate and improve the FUA and A-FUA implementation.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#6

Spanish SCC transition plan implementation. Data reflects total national statistics as there are areas (D) affecting more than one ACC.

The particularities of this indicator have been analysed in our airspace since there are no monthly data published at SES portal and they are provided by the Spanish Air Force NSA. During 2022, several communications have been held between the Spanish Air Force NSA and the civil Spanish NSA to learn about the particularities of this indicator and to study the possibilities of a report beyond the one carried out in this annual monitoring framework.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#7

In February 2022 Phase 2 (and last one) of single CDR was implemented. For the following years we expect to improve this PI with the definition of AMC specific coordination procedures to release traffic flows from RSA with military activity, definition of adjustable limits procedure, ASM scenarios implementation, definition of UAVs TSA tactical crossing procedure. We also expect FRA implementation to improve flight planning trough optimal route.

This PI is monitored only annually to evaluate the evolution of the indicators because our ANSP, ENAIRE, which provides the data to calculate the indicator, requests it from Eurocontrol and for the time being they are not in a position to request it on a more frequent basis. AESA reached out to Eurocontrol to find out if it is possible to obtain this data directly and more frequently, but has not yet been able to make any progress. If significant deviations are found in the indicator, the possible causes will be analysed by contacting the relevant stakeholder.

Initiatives implemented or planned to improve PI#8

In February 2022 Phase 2 (and last one) of single CDR was implemented. For the following years we expect to improve this PI with the definition of AMC specific coordination procedures to release traffic flows from RSA with military activity, definition of adjustable limits procedure, ASM scenarios implementation, definition of UAVs TSA tactical crossing procedure. We also expect FRA implementation to improve flight planning trough optimal route.

This PI is monitored only annually to evaluate the evolution of the indicators because our ANSP, ENAIRE, which provides the data to calculate the indicator, requests it from Eurocontrol and for the time being they are not in a position to request it on a more frequent basis. AESA reached out to Eurocontrol to find out if it is possible to obtain this data directly and more frequently, but has not yet been able to make any progress. If significant deviations are found in the indicator, the possible causes will be analysed by contacting the relevant stakeholder

 
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