Annual Monitoring Report 2022 - Poland
Contextual information
National performance plan adopted following Commission Decision (EU) 2022/779 of 13 April 2022
List of ACCs 1
Warsaw ACC
No of airports in the scope of the performance plan
≥80’K 1
<80’K 14
Exchange rate (1 EUR=)
2017: 4.25483 PLN
2022: 4.67989 PLN
Share of Union-wide traffic (TSUs) 2022 2.9%
Share of Union-wide en route costs 2022 2.8%
Share en route / terminal costs 2022 80% / 20%
En route charging zone(s)
Poland
Terminal charging zone(s)
Poland EPWA
Poland Others
Main ANSP
• PANSA
Other ANSPs
• Warmia i Mazury sp. z o.o.
• Port Lotniczy Bydgoszcz S.A.
MET Providers
• Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMWM)
• Radom Meteo sp. z o.o.
Traffic (En route traffic zone)
▪ Poland recorded 627K actual IFR movements in 2022, +32% compared to 2021 (473K).
▪ Actual 2022 IFR movements were -17% below the plan (752K).
▪ Actual 2022 IFR movements represent 69% of the actual 2019 level (912K).
▪ Poland recorded 3,129K actual en route service units in 2022, +21% compared to 2021 (2,586K).
▪ Actual 2022 service units were -22% below the plan (3,991K).
▪ Actual 2022 service units represent 63% of the actual 2019 level (4,972K).
Safety (Main ANSP)
▪ PANSA has already achieved RP3 targets in 2020 but has continued improvements and exceeded the RP3 EoSM targets in 2022 with level D for all management objectives.
▪ Port Lotniczy Bydgoszcz S.A. achieved the RP3 targets for four other management objectives but requires improvement for safety risk management.
▪ Warmia i Mazury sp. z o.o. improved its performance in relation to safety risk management and successfully achieved all RP3 targets in 2022.
▪ Poland recorded an increase in the rate of runway incursions and significantly higher rate of separation minima infringements in 2022 relative to 2021. The rate of runway incursions is above the Union-wide average. PANSA should review the reasons for this increase and take appropriate mitigating actions, as necessary.
▪ Poland could improve its safety management by implementing automated safety data recording systems.
Environment (Member State)
▪ Poland achieved a KEA performance of 4.79% compared to its target of 1.65% and did not contribute positively towards achieving the Union-wide target. KEA worsened by 2.46 percentage points compared to 2021.
▪ SCR and KEP were at the highest levels seen in the past five years.
▪ The NSA states that the worsening environmental performance was largely due to external factors linked to the geopolitical situation (Belarus and Ukraine), leading to route extensions and increased military activities. Other factors include weather and user preferences.
▪ The share of CDO flights decreased by 8.23% compared to 2021.
▪ During 2022, additional time in terminal airspace increased from 1.05 to 1.27 min/flight, while additional taxi out time increased from 2.11 to 2.28 min/flight.
Capacity (Member State)
▪ Poland registered 1.32 minutes of average en route ATFM delay per flight during 2022, which has been adjusted to 1.30 during the post-ops adjustment process.
▪ Average en route ATFM delay per flight was further adjusted to 1.09 minutes per flight due to the exceptional event related to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, still not achieving the local target value of 0.12.
▪ The average number of IFR movements was 31% below 2019 levels in Poland in 2022.
▪ An 11% increase in the number of ATCOs in OPS is planned by the end of RP3, with the actual value remaining below the 2022 plan in Warsaw ACC.
▪ Delays were highest between April and June, mostly due to ATC Staffing issues and the additional complexity due to the Ukrainian crisis.
▪ The share of delayed flights with delays longer than 15 minutes in Poland increased by 1.52 percentage points compared to 2021 and was higher than 2019 values.
▪ The yearly total of sector opening hours in Warsaw ACC was 42,117 in 2022, showing a 15.6% increase compared to 2021. Sector opening hours are 8.3% below 2019 levels.
▪ Warsaw ACC registered 10.79 IFR movements per one sector opening hour in 2022, being 15.6% below 2019 levels.
Cost-efficiency (En route/Terminal charging zone(s))
▪ The en route 2022 actual unit cost of Poland was 54.12€2017, 15% higher than the determined unit cost (47.05€2017). The terminal zone 1 actual unit cost was 119.14€2017, in line with the determined unit cost (118.48€2017), while the terminal zone 2 actual unit cost was 228.41€2017, 11% lower than the determined unit cost (255.46€2017).
▪ The en route 2022 actual service units (3,129K) were 22% lower than the determined service units (3,991K).
▪ In 2022, the en route actual total costs were 18M€2017 (-9.8%) lower than determined. Staff costs decreased (-9.1 M€2017, or -8.6%) as a result of higher inflation than expected, while other operating costs decreased (-8.9M€2017, or -19%) mainly due to cost containment measures in response to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.
▪ Poland presented a deviation from the criteria to achieve capacity targets, which was considered justified. Considering that costs are significantly lower and that the 2022 en route capacity targets have not been achieved, the situation raises serious concern. The PRB invites the NSA to analyse the discrepancies and identify their reasons and the Member State to rectify the situation to ensure that the additional means granted through the capacity deviation are used to address the capacity issues.
▪ PANSA spent 45M€2017 in 2022 related to costs of investments, in line with the plan. However, due to COVID-19 and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, some projects had to be adjusted (postponed, change of scope, and change of value). The slow up in investments has been offset by the increase in cost of capital due to higher WACC than planned.
▪ The en route actual unit cost incurred by users in 2022 was 61.12€, while the terminal zone 1 actual unit cost incurred by users was 133.20€ and 258.28€ for terminal zone 2.