Annual Monitoring Report 2025 - Spain

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Contextual information

National performance plan adopted following Commission Decision (EU) 2025/1063 of 19 May 2025

List of ACCs   5

Barcelona ACC
Madrid ACC
Palma ACC
Sevilla ACC
Canarias ACC

No of airports in the scope of the performance plan

≥80’K     6
<80’K      1

Exchange rate (1 EUR=) 

2022: 1 EUR
2025: 1 EUR

Share of Union-wide traffic (TSUs) 2025  11.9%

Share of Union-wide en route costs 2025  11.5%

Share en route / terminal costs 2025  89% / 11%

En route charging zone(s)

Spain Continental
Spain Canarias

Terminal charging zone(s)

Spain

Main ANSP 

• ENAIRE

Other ANSPs 

• Skyway
• ANSP EA

MET Providers 

• AEMET

Traffic (En route traffic zone)

  • Spain recorded 2,472K actual IFR movements in 2025, +4.7% compared to 2024 (2,362K).

  • Actual 2025 IFR movements were +3.9% above the plan (2,379K).

  • Actual 2025 IFR movements were +14.9% above the actual 2019 level (2,152K).


  • Spain recorded 16,479K actual service units in 2025, +6.1% compared to 2024 (15,527K).

  • Actual 2025 service units were +4.1% above the plan (15,835K).

  • Actual 2025 service units are +22.6% above the actual 2019 level (13,439K).

Safety (Main ANSP)

  • In 2025, ENAIRE achieved the planned maturity levels set out in its performance plan for all five components of the EoSM. In more detail, ENAIRE exceeded the planned levels in all areas, reaching the highest level D in all components.

  • In 2025, EA met the planned maturity levels set out in its performance plan for all five components of the EoSM. In more detail, EA exceeded the planned level in the area of Safety Risk Management, reaching level D together with Safety Culture component.

  • In 2025, Skyway met the planned maturity levels set out in its performance plan for four out of five components of the EoSM. In more detail, the area where Skyway missed the planned level was Safety Policy and Objectives.

  • The rate of runway incursions (RI) was 2.14 at airport level, lower than the Union-wide average, and lower than the rate of RIs in 2024. The rate of RIs with ANS contribution was 0.50, lower than the Union-wide average, and lower than the rate of RIs with ANS contribution in 2024.

  • The rate of separation minima infringements (SMIs) at State level was 4.26, and at ANSP level 6.67. Rate of SMIs at State level was below the Union-wide average, whereas at ANSP level the rate was above the Union-wide average. When comparing to 2024, rate of SMIs has decreased at both State level and at ANSP level.

Environment (Member State)

  • Spain registered a KEA performance of 3.23%. Their target of 2.86% was not achieved and Spain did not contribute positively to Union-wide performance. The NSA states that KEA improved monthly in 2025 despite strong traffic growth, with growing adverse weather conditions frequently requiring deviations from the planned route. The PRB notes, however, that the actual trajectories are not longer than the planned ones.

  • Both KEP and KES remained stable in comparison with 2024 with a minor improvement in both indicators.

  • VFE of the actual en route trajectory was at 74.6%, which was worse than the average Union-wide performance.

  • The average time in level flight during descent improved marginally and during climb deteriorated compared to 2024.

  • Additional taxi-out time was 3.56 min/flight and additional taxi-in time was 1.50 min/flight which both remained stable compared to 2024.

  • Additional time in the arrival sequencing and metering area remained stable at 3.06 min/flight, with a minor improvement compared to 2024.

Capacity (Member State)


  • Spain registered 0.99 minutes of average en route ATFM delay per flight during 2025, which has been adjusted to 0.95 during the post-ops adjustment process, thus not achieving the local target value of 0.38. Delays in Spain decreased by -0.05 minutes per flight year-on-year.

  • Delays were highest in July and August, mostly driven by ATC capacity and weather.

  • The share of delayed flights with delays longer than 15 minutes in Spain decreased by -3 percentage points compared to 2024 and was lower than 2019 values.

  • The actual number of ATCOs in OPS in Spain was 1,306 FTEs, -1.7% or -23 FTEs below the planned level. The actual number of ATCOs in OPS was below the planned number for all five ACCs: 181 FTEs in Canarias ACC, -1 FTE below the plan; 373 FTEs in Barcelona ACC, -8 FTEs below the plan; 449 FTEs in Madrid ACC, -8 FTEs below the plan; 141 in Palma ACC, -2 FTEs below the plan; and 162 in Sevilla ACC, -5 FTE below the plan.

  • All Spanish ACCs recorded a number of sector opening hours in 2025 above the level recorded in 2024. In Barcelona ACC sector opening hours were 113,168, showing a year-on-year increase of 5%, while in Canarias ACC the value increased by 2% to 56,485 sector hours. For Madrid (105,322), Palma (36,778) and Sevilla (47,953) ACCs the number of sector opening hours increased respectively by +9%, +3% and +10% compared to 2024.

  • Barcelona ACC registered 9.87 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025, 1% above the 2024 level; Canarias ACC registered 7.67 IFR movements per sector opening hour, 3% above the 2024 level; Madrid ACC registered 12.63 IFR movements per sector opening hour, -4% below the 2024 level; Palma ACC registered 10.23 IFR movements per sector opening hour, -1% below 2024 levels; and Sevilla ACC registered 11.86 IFR movements per sector opening hour, -3% below the 2024.

  • Spain registered an average airport arrival ATFM delay of 0.93 minutes per flight in 2025, thus not achieving the local target of 0.6 minutes. Compared to 2024, average arrival ATFM delays in Spain were -0.16 minutes per flight lower in 2025.

  • The main drivers of delays were weather, accounting for 0.65 of total delays, and other non-ATC causes, responsible for 0.18.

Cost-efficiency (En route/Terminal charging zone(s))



  • The en route 2025 actual unit cost of Spain Continental was 50.92€2022, -7.6% lower than the determined unit cost (55.10€2022). The en route 2025 actual unit cost of Spain Canarias was 48.65€2022, -7.6% lower than the determined unit cost (52.63€2022). The terminal 2025 actual unit cost of Spain was 100.81€2022, -15.1% lower than the determined unit cost (118.70€2022).

  • The en route 2025 actual service units of Spain Continental (14.2M) were +3.9% higher than the determined service units (13.6M). The en route 2025 actual service units of Spain Canarias (2.3M) were +5.1% higher than the determined service units (2.2M).

  • The en route 2025 actual total costs of Spain Continental were -29.8M€2022 (-4.0%) lower than determined with all cost categories registering lower-than-planned costs, except cost of capital. This is mainly due to lower staff costs (-22.5M€2022, or -5.1%) and lower other operating costs (-6.2M€2022, or -10.7%) for ENAIRE. According to the NSA, the decrease in staff costs is mainly due to significantly lower-than-planned expenses in “other staff related benefits”. The decrease in other operating costs reflects a more efficient use of resources, resulting in lower spending on services, communications, insurance and energy.

  • The en route 2025 actual total costs of Spain Canarias were -3.3M€2022 (-2.8%) lower than determined with all cost categories registering lower-than-planned costs. This is mainly due to lower staff costs for ENAIRE (-1.6M€2022, or -2.5%) and lower depreciation for EA (-1.1M€2022, or -41.8%). The NSA explained that the decrease in staff costs of ENAIRE is mainly due to significantly lower-than-planned expenses in “other staff related benefits”. The decrease in depreciation costs of EA is mainly due to lower investments than planned.

  • ENAIRE spent 169.4M€2022 in 2025 related to costs of investments for both en route and terminal charging zones, in line with the determined (169.3M€2022).

  • The en route Spain Continental actual unit cost incurred by users in 2025 was 54.76€ (-6.4% below the 2025 DUC), while the en route Spain Canarias actual unit cost incurred by users in 2025 was 45.74€ (-18.3% below the 2025 DUC). The terminal actual unit cost incurred by users in 2025 was 15.77€ (-87.7% below the 2025 DUC). The difference between the AUCU and the DUC for Spain Continental and for the terminal charging zone is mainly driven by other revenues. The difference between the AUCU and the DUC for Spain Canarias is mainly driven by cross-financing.