Annual Monitoring Report 2025 - Romania
Contextual information
National performance plan adopted following Commission Decision (EU) 2025/1049 of 19 May 2025
List of ACCs 1
Bucharest ACC
No of airports in the scope of the performance plan
≥80’K 1
<80’K 10
Exchange rate (1 EUR=)
2022: 4.92795 RON
2025: 5.03865 RON
Share of Union-wide traffic (TSUs) 2025 5.0%
Share of Union-wide en route costs 2025 3.7%
Share en route / terminal costs 2025 85% / 15%
En route charging zone(s)
Romania
Terminal charging zone(s)
Romania Zone 1
Romania Zone 2
Romania Zone 3
Main ANSP
• ROMATSA
Other ANSPs
–
MET Providers
–
Traffic (En route traffic zone)
Romania recorded 898K actual IFR movements in 2025, +9.5% compared to 2024 (820K).
Actual 2025 IFR movements were +5.1% above the plan (854K).
Actual 2025 IFR movements were +20.1% above the actual 2019 level (747K).
Romania recorded 6,954K actual service units in 2025, +9.2% compared to 2024 (6,369K).
Actual 2025 service units were +2.6% above the plan (6,775K).
Actual 2025 service units are +35.9% above the actual 2019 level (5,117K).
Safety (Main ANSP)
In 2025, Romatsa did not achieve the planned maturity levels set out in its performance plan for three out of five components of the EoSM. The components where ROMATSA missed the planned levels were Safety Policy and Objectives, Safety Promotion and Safety Culture.
The rate of runway incursions (RIs) was 0.88 at airport level, equal to the rate of RIs with ANS contribution. The rate of RIs at airport level was lower than the Union-wide average, whereas the rate with ANS contribution was slightly higher than the Union-wide average. Romania recorded no RIs at the Member State level throughout RP3 including for 2024.
The rate of separation minima infringements (SMIs) at State level was 2.87, being below the Union-wide rate, but higher than the rate of SMIs in 2024. The rate of SMIs at ANSP level was 1.92, being below the Union-wide rate, but slightly above 2024 level.
Environment (Member State)
Romania registered a KEA performance of 3.70%. Their target of 3.54% was not achieved and Romania did not contribute positively to Union-wide performance. The NSA states the main reasons for not meeting the target are outside the control of the ANSP and are largely driven by inefficient flight routings as a result of geopolitical instability.
KEP and KES improved marginally in comparison with 2024. The improvement in KES shows that Romania has improved the element of horizontal flight efficiency that is under its control.
VFE of the actual en route trajectory was at 78.03%, which was better than the average Union-wide performance.
The average time in level flight during descent deteriorated marginally and during climb deteriorated compared to 2024.
Additional taxi-out time was 4.02 min/flight which was stable compared to 2024, and additional taxi-in time was 1.77 min/flight, which deteriorated compared to 1.62 min/flight in 2024.
Additional time in the arrival sequencing and metering area deteriorated marginally to 2.57 min/flight.
Capacity (Member State)
Romania registered 0.06 minutes of average en route ATFM delay per flight during 2025, which has been adjusted to 0.04 during the post-ops adjustment process, thus achieving the local target value of 0.24. Delays in Romania decreased by -0.09 minutes per flight year-on-year.
The number of ATCOs in OPS in Bucharest ACC was 261 FTEs, -2 FTEs below the 2025 plan.
The yearly total of sector opening hours in Bucharest ACC was 65,601, showing a -5% decrease compared to 2024.
Bucharest ACC registered 13.57 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025, which is 16% above the recorded level in 2024.
Romania registered an average airport arrival ATFM delay of 0.17 minutes per flight in 2025, thus achieving the local target of 0.4 minutes. Compared to 2024, average arrival ATFM delays in Romania were 0.05 minutes per flight higher in 2025.
The main driver of delays was other non-ATC causes, accounting for 0.17 of the total delays.
Cost-efficiency (En route/Terminal charging zone(s))
The en route 2025 actual unit cost of Romania was 38.83€2022, +1.4% higher than the determined unit cost (38.29€2022). The terminal zone 1 2025 actual unit cost was 315.02€2022, +0.8% higher than the determined unit cost (312.66€2022), while the terminal zone 2 2025 actual unit cost was 531.81€2022, +21.5% higher than the determined unit cost (437.69€2022), and the terminal zone 3 2025 actual unit cost was 579.28€2022, +18.0% higher than the determined unit cost (490.87€2022).
The en route 2025 actual service units (7.0M) were +2.6% higher than the determined service units (6.8M).
The en route 2025 actual total costs were +10.6M€2022 (+4.1%) higher than determined. This is mainly due to higher staff costs (+8.3M€2022, or +4.1%) and other operating costs (+3.1M€2022, or +17.3%) for ROMATSA. According to the NSA, the rise in staff costs is mainly attributable to revaluation of defined-benefit pension obligation, inflation adjustments to gross wages, and performance bonuses. The increase in other operating costs is mainly due to higher inflation and the exchange rate developments.
ROMATSA spent 21.4M€2022 in 2025 related to costs of investments for both en route and terminal charging zones, -0.9% less than determined (21.6M€2022). According to the NSA, it is mainly due to changes in the implementation timetable and delays in commissioning some investments.
The en route actual unit cost incurred by users in 2025 was 46.54€ (+5.4% above the 2025 DUC). The terminal actual unit cost incurred by users was 363.48€ (in line with the 2025 DUC) for the terminal zone 1, 536.76€ (+4.7% above the 2025 DUC) for the terminal zone 2, and 599.39€ (+5.2% above the 2025 DUC) for the terminal zone 3. The difference between the AUCU and the DUC for the en route charging zone is mainly driven by pension costs in cost exempt from cost sharing. The difference between the AUCU and the DUC for the terminal charging zones is mainly driven by the adjustment for inflation.