Investments - Netherlands

PRB monitoring

• LVNL planned a total asset value for new investments in RP4 of 212.6M€2022, of which 93.0% relates to new major investments. LVNL planned 4 new major investments for RP4, all of which have started.

• In 2025, LVNL underspent -0.01M€2022 (-1.1%) in costs related to new major investments. This is mainly attributable to the iTEC SkyNex project.

• According to the reporting tables, LVNL overspent +0.9M€2022 (+2.9%) in costs related to investments in 2025.

• LVNL reported 6.0M€2022 in funding from Union assistance programmes in 2025.

Value of the assets for New Investments included in the Performance Plan Netherlands | LVNL and comparison with Union-wide

Determined and additional asset value by investment category

Total value of the asset for new investments (M€2022)	212.62	% of total
New major investments (above 5M€ each)	197.67	93%
Included in the performance plan	197.67	93%
Additional	0.00	0%
Other new investments (below 5M€ each)	14.95	7%

LVNL asset value of new investments compared to Union-wide (%)

4.3%

Determined asset value: en route and terminal

Total value of the asset for new major investments (M€2022)1	197.67	% of total
En route	143.21	72%
Terminal	54.46	28%
1 For investments where the allocation has not been clearly provided, an allocation has been assumed based on available information.

Determined asset value by type of investment

New ATM system	22.00
Overhaul of existing ATM system	0.00
Other ATM	155.92
CNS	27.19
Infrastructure	27.19
Ancillary	0.00
Other	0.00
Unknown	0.00
1 When summing the assets for new major investments by investment type, the total may differ from the overall asset value for new major investments, as some investments have been categorised under multiple investment types.

Costs related to investments included in the Performance Plan Netherlands | LVNL

New and existing investments

Determined costs	2025D	2026D	2027D	2028D	2029D	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	39.40	41.64	55.89	60.59	65.16	262.68
New major investments from RP4	0.58	3.18	8.16	13.46	19.48	44.86
Other new investments from RP4	0.72	1.20	1.42	1.69	2.07	7.11
Major investments from RP3	25.01	26.14	35.78	35.69	34.56	157.18
Existing investments from previous RPs	13.09	11.12	10.52	9.75	9.05	53.53

Actual costs	2025A	2026A	2027A	2028A	2029A	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	40.73	NA	NA	NA	NA	40.73
New major investments from RP4	0.57	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.57
Other new investments from RP4	0.38	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.38
Major investments from RP3	26.74	NA	NA	NA	NA	26.74
Existing investments from previous RPs	13.04	NA	NA	NA	NA	13.04

Difference (A-D)	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total difference (M€2022)	1.33	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
New major investments from RP4	(0.01)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
% change of actual with respect to determined	-1%	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Other new investments from RP4	(0.34)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
% change of actual with respect to determined	-48%	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Major investments from RP3	1.72	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
% change of actual with respect to determined	+7%	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Existing investments from previous RPs	(0.05)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
% change of actual with respect to determined	0%	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Costs of investments by nature - En route

Determined costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	23.47	26.45	39.09	42.78	46.44	178.23
Depreciation	21.83	24.15	35.24	37.86	40.64	159.72
Cost of capital	1.64	2.31	3.85	4.92	5.80	18.51
Cost of leasing	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Actual costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	24.41	NA	NA	NA	NA	24.41
Depreciation	21.84	NA	NA	NA	NA	21.84
Cost of capital	2.57	NA	NA	NA	NA	2.57
Cost of leasing	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00

Difference (A-D)	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total difference (M€2022)	0.94	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Depreciation	0.01	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Cost of capital	0.93	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Cost of leasing	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Costs of investments by nature - Terminal

Determined costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	9.34	10.61	12.77	14.34	15.89	62.94
Depreciation	8.65	9.63	11.13	12.25	13.43	55.08
Cost of capital	0.69	0.98	1.64	2.09	2.46	7.86
Cost of leasing	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Actual costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	9.34	NA	NA	NA	NA	9.34
Depreciation	8.25	NA	NA	NA	NA	8.25
Cost of capital	1.09	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.09
Cost of leasing	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00

Difference (A-D)	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total difference (M€2022)	(0.00)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Depreciation	(0.40)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Cost of capital	0.40	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Cost of leasing	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Costs by new major investments

Determined costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of major investments in RP4 (M€2022)	0.58	3.18	8.16	13.46	19.48	44.86
Continuity of service	0.43	2.74	6.80	10.98	15.55	36.49
Future proof ATC system	0.01	0.17	0.81	1.78	3.02	5.79
Sustainable business and noise reduction	0.04	0.09	0.28	0.33	0.45	1.19
iTEC SkyNex	0.10	0.18	0.28	0.36	0.46	1.39

Actual costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of major investments in RP4 (M€2022)	0.57	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.57
Continuity of service	0.42	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.42
Future proof ATC system	0.14	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.14
Sustainable business and noise reduction	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
iTEC SkyNex	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00

Difference (A-D)	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total difference (M€2022)	(0.01)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Continuity of service	(0.00)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Future proof ATC system	0.14	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Sustainable business and noise reduction	(0.04)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
iTEC SkyNex	(0.10)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Costs by Common Project One (CP1) ATM Functionality (AF)

Determined costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CP1-AF1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CP1-AF2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CP1-AF3	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CP1-AF4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CP1-AF5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CP1-AF6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Actual costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
CP1-AF1	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
CP1-AF2	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
CP1-AF3	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
CP1-AF4	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
CP1-AF5	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
CP1-AF6	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00

Difference (A-D)	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total difference (M€2022)	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
CP1-AF1	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
CP1-AF2	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
CP1-AF3	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
CP1-AF4	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
CP1-AF5	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
CP1-AF6	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Costs by Strategic Deployment Objective (SDO)

Determined costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 3	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 6	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 8	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 9	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total costs SDO – 10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Actual costs	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total costs of new and existing investments (M€2022)	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 1	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 2	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 3	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 4	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 5	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 6	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 7	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 8	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 9	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00
Total costs SDO – 10	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.00

Difference (A-D)	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	RP4
Total difference (M€2022)	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 1	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 2	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 3	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 4	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 5	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 6	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 7	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 8	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 9	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total costs SDO – 10	0.00	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Expected benefit and impact per new major investment Netherlands | LVNL

New major investments	SES mandated	Partnership
Continuity of service
Future proof ATC system	X
Sustainable business and noise reduction
iTEC SkyNex	X	X

Public funding granted for total CAPEX (CEF/TEN-T)