Annual Monitoring Report 2025 - Germany
Contextual information
FAB draft revised performance plan currently under assessment
List of ACCs 4
Bremen ACC
Langen ACC
Karlsruhe UAC
Munich ACC
No of airports in the scope of the performance plan
≥80’K 6
<80’K 9
Exchange rate (1 EUR=)
2022: 1 EUR
2025: 1 EUR
Share of Union-wide traffic (TSUs) 2025 10.7%
Share of Union-wide en route costs 2025 14.7%
Share en route / terminal costs 2025 77% / 23%
En route charging zone(s)
Germany
Terminal charging zone(s)
Germany
Main ANSP
• DFS
Other ANSPs
• MUAC
MET Providers
• Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)
Traffic (En route traffic zone)
Germany recorded 3,145K actual IFR movements in 2025, +3.0% compared to 2024 (3,052K).
Actual 2025 IFR movements were in line with the plan (3,144K).
Actual 2025 IFR movements were -7.3% below the actual 2019 level (3,394K).
Germany recorded 14,897K actual service units in 2025, +4.0% compared to 2024 (14,324K).
Actual 2025 service units were +0.9% above the plan (14,767K).
Actual 2025 service units are -1.9% below the actual 2019 level (15,180K).
Safety (Main ANSP)
In 2025, DFS achieved the planned maturity levels set out in its performance plan for all five components of the EoSM.
The rate of runway incursions (RI) was 3.69 at airport level, higher than the Union-wide average.
The rate of RIs with ANS contribution was 0.74, lower than the Union-wide average.
The rate of separation minima infringements (SMIs) at State level was 1.82, and at ANSP level 2.00. Both indicators were below the Union-wide average. Compared to 2024, rate of SMI has increased at State level.
In 2024, Germany reported 0 runway incursions and 0 SMIs at ANSP level.
Environment (Member State)
Germany registered a KEA performance of 2.47% compared to the local breakdown value of 2.62%. Whilst the FABEC target was not achieved, Germany contributed positively towards Union-wide performance.
Both KEP and KES remained improved in comparison with 2024. The improvement in KES shows that Germany has improved the element of horizontal flight efficiency that is under its control.
VFE of the actual en route trajectory was at 77.2%, which was better than the average Union-wide performance.
The average time in level flight during descent and climb were both stable compared to 2024, with minor deteriorations in performance compared to 2024.
Additional taxi-out time was stable in 2025 compared to 2024 and additional taxi-in time was 1.75 min/flight which improved marginally compared to 1.83 min/flight in 2024.
Additional time in the arrival sequencing and metering area deteriorated marginally to 2.64 min/flight from 2.53 min/flight in 2024.
Capacity (Member State)
Germany registered 0.89 minutes of average en route ATFM delay per flight during 2025, which has been adjusted to 0.95 during the post-ops adjustment process, thus not achieving the local target value of 0.39. Delays in Germany decreased by -0.61 minutes per flight year-on-year.
Delays were highest in June and July, mostly driven by weather and ATC capacity.
The share of delayed flights with delays longer than 15 minutes in Germany decreased by -7 percentage points compared to 2024.
The 2025 actual number of ATCOs in OPS across the four German ACCs was 1,230, which was 1% above the planned level 1,217. Actual ATCOs in OPS were higher than the planned level for Langen ACC (+5%), while for Munich ACC this was -2% lower. For Karlsruhe UAC and Bremen ACC the actual number of ATCOs was in line with the planned level.
The yearly total of sector opening hours across all the German ACCs was 424,216, -4% lower than in 2024. Bremen, Langen and Munich ACCs all had a reduction in sector opening hours by over -5% compared to 2024, while for Karlsruhe UAC the reduction was less marked (-1%).
Bremen ACC registered 6.52 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025, being 7% above 2024 levels. Karlsruhe UAC registered 13.85 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025, 5% above 2024 levels. Langen ACC registered 10.24 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025, 10% above 2024 levels. Munich ACC registered 10.97 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025, 12% above the 2024 level.
Germany registered an average airport arrival ATFM delay of 0.37 minutes per flight in 2025, thus achieving the local target of 0.43 minutes. Compared to 2024, average arrival ATFM delays in Germany were -0.09 minutes per flight lower in 2025.
The main drivers of delays were weather, accounting for 0.30 of the total delays, and other non-ATC causes, responsible for 0.06.
Cost-efficiency (En route/Terminal charging zone(s))
The en route 2025 actual unit cost of Germany was 71.56€2022, -0.4% lower than the determined unit cost (71.87€2022). The terminal 2025 actual unit cost was 249.50€2022, -1.6% lower than the determined unit cost (253.46€2022).
The en route 2025 actual service units (14.9M) were +0.9% higher than the determined service units (14.8M).
The en route 2025 actual total costs were slightly higher than determined (+4.6M€2022, or+0.4%). This was mainly driven by negative exceptional items for DFS that were included in the determined costs so that this amount would not be charged to airspace users, as it related to unspent depreciation costs from RP2 and was therefore not included in the actual costs (+10.3M€2022). It was also driven by higher other operating costs (+7.1M€2022, or +6.8%) than planned due to additional costs for IT-security and bad debt losses. This was partially compensated by lower depreciation (-7.1M€2022, or -11.4%) than planned, which the NSA attributed to changes in projects and product management.
A deviation from the criteria to achieve capacity targets was considered justified for Germany. Actual costs for the measures necessary to achieve those targets were lower than determined (-14.1M€2022, or -28.1%), mainly due to lower staff costs (-12.2M€2022, or -42.2%) than planned.
DFS spent 98.2M€2022 in 2025 related to costs of investments for both en route and terminal charging zones, -11.2% less than determined (110.6M€2022). According to the NSA, this reduction was mainly due to “interest income from temporarily invested fixed deposits” and changes in some projects.
The en route actual unit cost incurred by users in 2025 was 77.21€ (-1.5% below the 2025 DUC), while the terminal actual unit cost incurred by users was 256.15€ (-7.7% below the 2025 DUC). The difference between the AUCU and the DUC for the terminal charging zone is mainly driven by the application of lower unit rate.