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  1. Environment
  • Year report
    • 2025 ✓

    • RP3
      • 2024
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  • Greece
  • Overview
    • Contextual information
    • Traffic
    • Safety
    • Environment
    • Capacity
    • Cost-efficiency

  • Safety
    • PRB monitoring
    • EoSM
    • Safety occurrences
      • Runway incursions
      • Separation minima infringements

  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Flight efficiency
    • Terminal performance
      • AXOT, AXIT & ASMA
      • CDO/CCO
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
      • En route performance indicators at ACC level
      • Other information
    • Terminal performance
      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

  • Cost-efficiency
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result

Environment - Greece

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PRB monitoring

  • Greece registered a KEA performance of 2.15%. Their target of 2.11% was not achieved and Greece did not contribute positively to Union-wide performance. The NSA states the main reason for not meeting the target can be mainly attributed to factors beyond the ANSPs direct influence, like activation of military areas, weather, and high levels of traffic above STATFOR forecast.

  • KEP and KES remained stable in 2025, with marginal improvements compared to 2024.

  • VFE of the actual trajectory was at 72.39%, which was worse than the Union-wide average.

  • The average time in level flight during descent was stable and during climb degraded marginally.

  • Additional taxi-out time and additional taxi-in time remained stable compared to 2024.

  • Additional time in the arrival sequencing and metering area remained stable at 3.37 min/flight.

En route performance

Horizontal flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (KEA) (KPI#1), of the last filed flight plan (KEP) (PI#1), shortest constrained route (KES) (PI#2) and vertical flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (VFE) (PI#3)

NoteFocus on en route performance

KEA

In terms of absolute values, the indicator has been improving both for KEA and the KEA corrected for the war in Ukraine (2.26% in 2023, 2.19% in 2024 and 2.15% for KEA; 2.13% in 2023, 2.04% in 2024 and 1.97% in 2025).

The values of the internal additional distance are relatively high (24th in ranking every year) but improving: 3.11 km per flight in 2023, 2.90 km per flight in 2024, 2.77 km per flight in 2025.

In terms of overall contribution to the additional distance in the SES area, Greece sits 22nd with 4.42%.

Regarding the assessment of the achieved level of actual performance in the environment KPA, the NSA reports: “The main reasons that affected performance in this key performance area are: 1) Activation of military areas 2) Adverse weather phenomena during the summer season 3) High levels of traffic above STATFOR Forecast.”

Regarding the implementation of major operational or structural changes during the calendar year impacting performance in this key performance area, the NSA reports: “During 2025 , CB FRA with Malta FRA and Nicosia FRA - Phase A (27 NOV 25)”

Regarding progress on the implementation of the measures committed to in the ERNIP, the NSA reports: “During 2025 , CB FRA with Malta FRA and Nicosia FRA - Phase A (27 NOV 25) - ERNIP proposals 112.031a , 112.036a”

Regarding the identification and analysis by the NSA of the underlying reasons or circumstances having led to the performance target not being achieved, the NSA reports: “Main reasons or circumstances having led to the performance target not being achieved : 1) The activation of military areas that reduced the availability of shorter routings 2) The higher-than-forecast demand suggests that dynamic airspace/sector configurations may not have been sufficient to fully accommodate the traffic increase while maintaining environmental performance. Restrictions in specific sectors force operators to file via longer routings. 3) Traffic growth significantly increased the complexity. 4) Weather events required tactical unexpected rerouting of traffic, resulting in longer flight trajectories. The combined effect of military activity, weather disruptions, and traffic growth may have limited the availability of optimal routes and direct routings, reducing the ANSP's ability to achieve the planned KEA target.”

Regarding recommendations to the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “Conduct periodic analyses of the environmental impact of military area activations

and weather-related reroutings and identify mitigation measures in cooperation with relevant stakeholders.”

Regarding remedial measures that have been / will be taken by the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “Τhe ANSP has already implemented measures aimed at improving environmental performance, including:

strengthening civil-military coordination arrangements to maximise the availability and flexible use of airspace and to minimise the duration and impact of military area activations; and

increasing the use of dynamic airspace management, conditional routes and direct routings whenever operationally feasible.

These measures are subject to continuous assessment and monitoring by both the ANSP and the NSA to evaluate their effectiveness and to identify further opportunities for improvement in flight efficiency performance.”

KEP

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “PBN procedures for 31 airports are planned for the forthcoming year, cross border FRA with Cyprus has been implmented in 2025.”

KES

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “PBN procedures for 31 airports are planned for the forthcoming year, cross border FRA with Cyprus has been implmented in 2025.”

Vertical flight efficiency

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The ANSP has implemented measures aimed at improving the vertical flight efficiency of actual en-route trajectories, including the application of Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) principles, enhanced civil-military coordination, and operational procedures designed to minimise unnecessary level-offs and flight level changes. Moreover, within the framework of the ATHENIAN Project, which includes the redesign of the terminal airspace (TMA) and the implementation of new Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) procedures, dedicated arrival and departure routes are planned to be developed in order to improve traffic flows and enhance flight efficiency. Furthermore, as part of the national plan for the implementation of PBN procedures at all Greek airports by 2030, the ANSP will examine the development of routes designed to facilitate uninterrupted climb and descent operations, thereby reducing the need for level-offs and contributing to improved vertical flight efficiency.

These measures are continuously monitored and assessed by the ANSP to evaluate their effectiveness and identify opportunities for further optimisation. The NSA conducts regular oversight through the review of performance data, annual performance reports, and dedicated performance meetings with the ANSP.”

Terminal performance

Additional taxi-out time (AXOT) (PI#4), Additional taxi-in time (AXIT) (PI#5) & Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) time (PI#6)

Airport level
Airport
Additional taxi-out time (PI#4)
Additional ASMA time (PI#6)
Additional taxi-in time (PI#5)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Athens 3.78 NA NA NA NA 3.37 NA NA NA NA 2.08 NA NA NA NA
NoteFocus on AXOT, AXIT & ASMA

AXOT

The additional time in 2025 decreased to 3.78 min/dep, very close to the 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 3.86 min/dep (using the new methodology).

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 3.61 min/dep.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The ANSP, in cooperation with the airport operator and other operational stakeholders, has implemented measures aimed at reducing additional taxi-out and taxi-in times, including improved surface movement management, enhanced coordination between ATS units and airport stakeholders, and measures to minimise ground delays where operationally feasible.

The NSA continuously monitors the effectiveness of these measures through the review of performance data and regular performance oversight activities. Particular attention is given to trends in additional taxi-out and taxi-in times and to the identification of operational factors contributing to delays on the manoeuvring area.”

AXIT

The additional time in 2025 was equal to 2.08 min/arr.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 1.71 min/arr.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The ANSP, in cooperation with the airport operator and other operational stakeholders, has implemented measures aimed at reducing additional taxi-out and taxi-in times, including improved surface movement management, enhanced coordination between ATS units and airport stakeholders, and measures to minimise ground delays where operationally feasible.

The NSA continuously monitors the effectiveness of these measures through the review of performance data and regular performance oversight activities. Particular attention is given to trends in additional taxi-out and taxi-in times and to the identification of operational factors contributing to delays on the manoeuvring area.”

ASMA

The additional time in 2025 resulted in 3.37 min/arr, very close to 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 3.41 min/arr (using the new methodology).

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 2.98 min/arr.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Within the framework of the ATHENIAN Project, new Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) procedures are being developed in order to improve traffic flows and enhance flight efficiency. The ATHENIAN Project is

expected to be completed in 2028.”

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent (PI#7) and of the climb (PI#8)

NoteFocus on vertical flight efficiency of the descent and of the climb

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (149.2 seconds per flight), average times flown level during descent are 75.5 seconds per flight lower in Greece. Athens (LGAV) has an average time flown level of 73.7 seconds per flight during descent.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Within the framework of the ATHENIAN Project, new Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) procedures are being developed

in order to improve traffic flows and enhance flight efficiency. The ATHENIAN Project is expected to be completed in 2028.”

Vertical flight efficiency of the climb

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (34.8 seconds per flight), average times flown level during climb are 13.9 seconds per flight lower in Greece. Athens (LGAV) has an average time flown level of 20.9 seconds per flight during climb.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Within the framework of the ATHENIAN Project, new Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) procedures are being developed

in order to improve traffic flows and enhance flight efficiency. The ATHENIAN Project is expected to be completed in 2028.”

Airport level
Airport
Avg. duration in climb (PI#8)
Avg. duration in descent (PI#7)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Athens 20.9 NA NA NA NA 73.7 NA NA NA NA

Civil-Military dimension

NoteFocus on Civil-Military dimension

Effective use of reserved or segregated local airspace

GREECE, there was no data reported.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The ANSP is progressing with the implementation of the LARA system in order to optimise airspace management and further enhance the application of FUA principles. LARA is expected to improve civil-military coordination, increase the effective use of reserved and segregated airspace, and support more efficient planning through available airspace structures. The NSA will monitor the implementation and effectiveness of this initiative through regular performance oversight and the review of the relevant environmental performance indicators.”

Rate of planning via available airspace structures

GREECE, there was no data reported.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The ANSP is progressing with the implementation of the LARA system in order to optimise airspace management and further enhance the application of FUA principles. LARA is expected to improve civil-military coordination, increase the effective use of reserved and segregated airspace, and support more efficient planning through available airspace structures. The NSA will monitor the implementation and effectiveness of this initiative through regular performance oversight and the review of the relevant environmental performance indicators.”

Rate of using available airspace structures

GREECE, there was no data reported.

 
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