Cost-efficiency - Greece

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Terminal charging zone

Unit cost

Actual and determined data
Total costs - nominal (M€) 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Determined costs 27.5 28.8 31.0 35.3 35.3
Actual costs 28.1 NA NA NA NA
Difference costs 0.7 NA NA NA NA
Inflation assumptions 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Determined inflation rate 2.4% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%
Determined inflation index* 109.9 112.2 114.5 116.8 119.1
Actual inflation rate 2.9% NA NA NA NA
Actual inflation index* 110.4 NA NA NA NA
Difference inflation index (p.p.) +0.5 NA NA NA NA
*100 = 2022

AUC vs. DUC

In 2025, the terminal AUC was +1.0% (or +1.54 €2022) higher than the planned DUC. This results from the combination of higher than planned terminal costs in real terms (+1.9%, or +0.5 M€2022) and slightly higher than planned TNSUs (+0.9%).

Terminal service units

The difference between actual and planned TNSUs (+0.9%) falls inside the ±2% dead-band. Hence, the gain of additional terminal revenues is kept by the ANSPs.

Terminal costs by entity

Actual real terminal costs are +1.9% (+0.5 M€2022) higher than planned. This is the result of higher costs for the main ANSP, HASP (+1.9%, or +0.5 M€2022) and the NSA (+6.3%, or +0.1 M€2022) and lower costs for the MET service provider (-12.5%).

Terminal costs for the main ANSP (HASP) at charging zone level

Based on the additional information to the terminal reporting tables, the slightly higher than planned terminal costs in real terms for HASP in 2025 (+1.9%, or +0.5 M€2022) result from:

  • Significantly higher than planned staff costs (+5.8%), mainly driven by an increase in staff numbers.

  • Significantly lower than planned other operating costs (-11.6%).

  • Significantly lower than planned depreciation (-7.8%), mainly due to a delay in the implementation of two projects for Athens International Airport "Eleftherios Venizelos", which are expected to be put into operation in 2026 instead of 2025 as originally planned.

  • Significantly lower than planned cost of capital (-9.0%), mainly due to the delay in the implementation of the investment plan.

  • Slightly lower than planned deduction for VFR exempted flights (-0.4%).

Assessment of the actual performance in the charging zone reported by the NSA

The NSA of Greece provides the following overall assessment of the actual performance in 2025 at charging zone level:

“There is a small increase in the actual real terminal unit cost compared with the determined one.”

Explanation of the differences between actual and determined costs at charging zone level reported by the NSA

The NSA provides the following explanation for the differences between actual and determined costs in the charging zone:

“Actual total terminal costs in real terms are 1.9% higher due to higher staff costs and higher than anticipated inflation.”

Recommendations formulated by the NSA to the ANSP (HASP) to rectify the situation and actions taken by the ANSP

No information was provided in the NSA 2025 Monitoring Report.

Actual unit cost incurred by the users (AUCU) (PI#1)

AUCU components (€/SU) – 2025
€/SU
DUC 161.75
Inflation adjustment 0.68
Cost exempt from cost sharing -0.02
Traffic risk sharing adjustment 0.00
Traffic adjustment (costs not TRS) -0.06
Financial incentives -2.30
Modulation of charges 0.00
Cross-financing 0.00
Other revenues 0.00
Application of lower unit rate 0.00
Total adjustments -1.70
AUCU 160.05
AUCU vs. DUC -1.1%
Cost exempt from cost sharing by item - 2025 €'000 €/SU
New and existing investments -60.0 -0.35
Competent authorities and qualified entities costs 56.8 0.33
Eurocontrol costs 0.0 0.00
Pension costs 0.0 0.00
Interest on loans 0.0 0.00
Changes in law 0.0 0.00
Total cost exempt from cost risk sharing -3.2 -0.02

Terminal AUCU monitoring at charging zone level

The actual terminal unit cost incurred by airspace users (AUCU) in respect of activities performed in 2025 (160.05 €) is -1.1% lower than the nominal DUC (161.75 €), which includes DUC initially charged: 175.45 €, and DUC to be charged retroactively: -13.70 €. The difference between the AUCU and the nominal DUC (-1.70 €/SU) is due to:

  • the positive inflation adjustment resulting from higher than planned inflation (+0.68 €/SU);

  • the impact of adjustments resulting from the costs exempted from cost sharing mechanism (-0.02 €/SU);

  • the deduction of the traffic adjustment (-0.06 €/SU) for the costs not subject to traffic risk sharing; and,

  • the impact of the financial incentives (-2.30 €/SU).

The share of the regulatory result (see next sub-section) in the AUCU (before the deduction of other revenues) is -2.0%.

Initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI reported by the NSA

No information on such initiatives was provided in the NSA 2025 Monitoring Report.

Regulatory result (RR)

HASP net gain/loss on activity in the Greece terminal charging zone in 2025

HASP reported a net loss of -0.7 M€, as a combination of a loss of -0.6 M€ arising from the cost sharing mechanism, with a gain of +0.2 M€ arising from the traffic risk sharing mechanism and a loss of -0.4 M€ relating to financial incentives.

HASP overall regulatory result (RR) for the terminal activity

Ex-post, the overall RR, taking into account the net loss from the terminal activity mentioned above (-0.7 M€) and the actual RoE (+0.2 M€), amounts to -0.6 M€ (-2.3% of the terminal revenues). The resulting ex-post rate of return on equity is negative (-17.6%), compared to the 4.6% planned in the PP.