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  1. Environment
  • Year report
    • 2025 ✓

    • RP3
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  • Portugal
  • Overview
    • Contextual information
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  • Safety
    • PRB monitoring
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    • Safety occurrences
      • Runway incursions
      • Separation minima infringements

  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Flight efficiency
    • Terminal performance
      • AXOT, AXIT & ASMA
      • CDO/CCO
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
      • En route performance indicators at ACC level
      • Other information
    • Terminal performance
      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

  • Cost-efficiency
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ
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      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ
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      • Regulatory Result

Environment - Portugal

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PRB monitoring

  • Portugal registered a KEA performance of 1.71%. Their target of 1.48% was not achieved and Portugal did not contribute positively to Union-wide performance. The NSA states that the deviation from the target may be linked to the new Point Merge system, whose impact was not fully anticipated at the time the performance plan was established.

  • Both KEP and KES deteriorated in comparison with 2024.

  • VFE of the actual en route trajectory was at 76.08%, which was similar to the average Union-wide performance.

  • The average time in level flight during descent deteriorated and during climb remained stable with minor deterioration compared to 2024.

  • Additional taxi-out time was 4.19 min/flight which deteriorated marginally from 4.00 min/flight in 2024, and additional taxi-in time was 1.76 min/flight which deteriorated from 1.62 min/flight in 2024.

  • Additional time in the arrival sequencing and metering area deteriorated to 4.70 min/flight from 4.27min/flight in 2024.

En route performance

Horizontal flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (KEA) (KPI#1), of the last filed flight plan (KEP) (PI#1), shortest constrained route (KES) (PI#2) and vertical flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (VFE) (PI#3)

NoteFocus on en route performance

KEA

Due to its geographical position, the values of KEA and the KEA corrected for the influence of the war in Ukraine are essentially the same. There has been a degradation from 2023 to 2025, with KEA moving from 1.50% in 2023 to 1.61% in 2024 to 1.71% in 2025. These values place Portugal in the top 10 performing States (in 2025, 7th for KEA and 10th for corrected KEA).

The contribution to the overall additional distance is 2.10%, making Portugal the 17th lowest.

Regarding the assessment of the achieved level of actual performance in the environment KPA, the NSA reports: “A high-level analysis indicates that the KEA indicator has been deteriorating since May 2024, reaching its peak deviation at the end of 2025, with a difference of 0.2 percentage points compared to 2024 (1.5). However, data for 2025 already shows signs of stabilization. The ambitious RP4 targets were defined considering a new cross-border free route scenario, which has proven challenging due to limited progress in cross-border interfaces with adjacent airspaces (Madrid and Brest/Bordeaux UIRs), thereby constraining the expected trajectory improvements.

Additionally, a contributing factor to this deviation may be linked to the implementation of the Point Merge system, whose impact was not fully anticipated at the time the Performance Plan was established. Nevertheless, ongoing monitoring indicates that the degradation of this indicator has stabilized. Despite the gap between the 2025 target and the actual value, Lisbon FIR continues to rank among the top 10 KEA regions within the Eurocontrol area.”

Regarding the implementation of major operational or structural changes during the calendar year impacting performance in this key performance area, the NSA reports: “Yes, a relevant operational change impacting performance in the Environment KPA was the implementation of the Point Merge system, which became operational in May 2024. This new arrival management technique aimed to improve traffic sequencing and predictability in the terminal area.

While the system contributes to operational efficiency and capacity management, its impact on flight trajectories was not fully anticipated at the time the Performance Plan was prepared. In particular, some effects on horizontal flight efficiency (KEA indicator) have been observed, contributing to the deviation from planned targets.

Nevertheless, ongoing monitoring indicates that these impacts have stabilized over time, and the system continues to support overall operational improvements in a growing traffic environment.”

Regarding progress on the implementation of the measures committed to in the ERNIP, the NSA reports: “Progress on the implementation of the measures committed to in the ERNIP has been limited, particularly for those initiatives expected to have a significant impact on KEA performance. This is mainly related to the development of cross-border free route interfaces with adjacent airspaces, namely Morocco (Agadir ACC), Spain (Madrid ACC and Canary Islands FIR), and France (Brest and Bordeaux FIR), where progress has been slower than anticipated.

At the same time, internal initiatives such as improvements to the Point Merge System project are ongoing and contribute to optimizing operations.”

Regarding the identification and analysis by the NSA of the underlying reasons or circumstances having led to the performance target not being achieved, the NSA reports: “The analysis carried out by the NSA indicates that the deviation from the performance target is mainly linked to a combination of external and operational factors. In particular, the limited progress in the implementation of cross-border Free Route Airspace interfaces with adjacent ANSPs. Additionally, certain operational changes, such as the implementation of new arrival management solution (Point Merge System), introduced effects that were not fully anticipated at the time of target setting.

These elements, combined with a high and evolving traffic demand, have contributed to the observed gap between planned and actual performance. Nevertheless, monitoring indicates that the situation has stabilized.”

Regarding recommendations to the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “The NSA recommends that the ANSP continues its efforts to monitor performance and implement appropriate operational improvements, with a focus on ensuring alignment with the established targets. Ongoing attention should be given to identifying and addressing relevant factors affecting performance, while maintaining effective coordination with stakeholders and supporting a continuous improvement approach.”

Regarding remedial measures that have been / will be taken by the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “Considering that recent monitoring indicates a stabilization in the degradation of the indicator, no specific remedial measures are foreseen at this stage. The NSA and the ANSP will continue to closely monitor performance trends to ensure that the situation remains stable and to identify any need for corrective actions, should new developments arise.”

Regarding the follow up of the remedial measures indicated in the previous monitoring report(s), the NSA reports: “Implementation of new Middle Traffic Volumes in critical sectors expected along 2026. Already finished, and recently validated by the NM, of a complete new full airspace reestructuration to better accommodate future cross-borde free-route trajectories and a better capacity management. The implementation will take place in different phases aligned with traffic increase forecast.”

KEP

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Since introducing Free Route Operations in Lisbon FIR (May 2009), NAV Portugal has consistently coordinated with neighboring regions and Eurocontrol to create cross-border free-route interfaces for our main traffic flows (Spain, France, and Morocco). While Lisbon FIR remains fully prepared for cross-border expansion, our neighbors are currently managing their own internal FRA deployment schedules. The varied pace of these internal initiatives naturally impacts the timeline for achieving a synchronized cross-border Free Route environment with Lisbon FIR.”

KES

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Since introducing Free Route Operations in Lisbon FIR (May 2009), NAV Portugal has consistently coordinated with neighboring regions and Eurocontrol to create cross-border free-route interfaces for our main traffic flows (Spain, France, and Morocco). While Lisbon FIR remains fully prepared for cross-border expansion, our neighbors are currently managing their own internal FRA deployment schedules. The varied pace of these internal initiatives naturally impacts the timeline for achieving a synchronized cross-border Free Route environment with Lisbon FIR.”

Vertical flight efficiency

No comment provided.

Terminal performance

Additional taxi-out time (AXOT) (PI#4), Additional taxi-in time (AXIT) (PI#5) & Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) time (PI#6)

Airport level
Airport
Additional taxi-out time (PI#4)
Additional ASMA time (PI#6)
Additional taxi-in time (PI#5)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Lisbon 4.55 NA NA NA NA 5.49 NA NA NA NA 1.83 NA NA NA NA
Porto 3.46 NA NA NA NA 3.14 NA NA NA NA 1.61 NA NA NA NA
NoteFocus on AXOT, AXIT & ASMA

AXOT

Lisbon and Porto are the only Portuguese airports subject to the monitoring of this indicator.

The additional time in Lisbon in 2025 increased to 4.55 min/dep, 6% above the 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 4.29 min/dep (using the new methodology). This is the third highest value among airports subject to RP4 monitoring.

The additional time in Porto in 2025 was equal to 3.46 min/dep, very close to 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 3.37 min/dep (using the new methodology).

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 3.61 min/dep.

AXIT

Lisbon and Porto are the only Portuguese airports subject to the monitoring of this indicator.

The additional time in Lisbon in 2025 was equal to 1.83 min/arr, and in Porto to 1.61 min/arr.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 1.71 min/arr.

ASMA

Lisbon and Porto are the only Portuguese airports subject to the monitoring of this indicator.

The additional time in Lisbon in 2025 increased to 5.49 min/arr, 13% above the 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 4.86 min/arr (using the new methodology). This is the second highest value among airports subject to RP4 monitoring.

The additional time in Porto in 2025 increased to 3.14 min/arr, 4% above the 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 3.01 min/arr (using the new methodology).

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 2.98 min/arr.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “While the implementation of the Point Merge System (PMS) at Lisbon Airport has successfully delivered a significant increase in airspace capacity and enhanced controller workload predictability, it has inherently affected horizontal flight efficiency. This is reflected in an increase in Eurocontrol’s ASMA metric, driven by the longer trajectories required for sequencing within the Point Merge structure. To mitigate this operational trade-off, NAV Portugal is actively developing targeted airspace restructuring projects aimed at optimizing these flight profiles and improving ASMA performance.”

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent (PI#7) and of the climb (PI#8)

NoteFocus on vertical flight efficiency of the descent and of the climb

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (149.2 seconds per flight), average times flown level during descent are on average 41.1 seconds per flight lower in Portugal. The highest average time flown level during descent happens at Cascais (LPCS) (189.4 seconds per flight), while the lowest happens at Santa Maria (LPAZ) (18.9 seconds per flight).

Vertical flight efficiency of the climb

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (34.8 seconds per flight), average times flown level during climb are on average 9.5 seconds per flight lower in Portugal. The highest average time flown level during climb happens at Porto (LPPR) (51.6 seconds per flight), while the lowest happens at Ponta Delgada (LPPD) (3.7 seconds per flight).

Airport level
Airport
Avg. duration in climb (PI#8)
Avg. duration in descent (PI#7)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Santa Maria 10.2 NA NA NA NA 18.9 NA NA NA NA
Cascais 35.7 NA NA NA NA 189.4 NA NA NA NA
Faro 21.0 NA NA NA NA 43.2 NA NA NA NA
Horta 5.6 NA NA NA NA 29.6 NA NA NA NA
Madeira 7.6 NA NA NA NA 84.8 NA NA NA NA
Ponta Delgada 3.7 NA NA NA NA 21.4 NA NA NA NA
Porto 51.6 NA NA NA NA 89.7 NA NA NA NA
Porto Santo 32.2 NA NA NA NA 60.1 NA NA NA NA
Lisbon 18.8 NA NA NA NA 150.0 NA NA NA NA
Flores NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Civil-Military dimension

NoteFocus on Civil-Military dimension

Effective use of reserved or segregated local airspace

PORTUGAL, no data received or communicated.

Rate of planning via available airspace structures

PORTUGAL, no data received.

Rate of using available airspace structures

PORTUGAL, no data reveived.

 
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