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  1. Environment
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    • 2025 ✓

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  • France
  • Overview
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  • Safety
    • PRB monitoring
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    • Safety occurrences
      • Runway incursions
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  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Flight efficiency
    • Terminal performance
      • AXOT, AXIT & ASMA
      • CDO/CCO
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
      • En route performance indicators at ACC level
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      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

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    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ
      • Unit cost
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    • Terminal CZ - France Zone 1
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ - France Zone 2
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result

Environment - France

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PRB monitoring

  • France registered a KEA performance of 3.31%. Their local breakdown value of 2.87% was not achieved. The performance of France contributed to FABEC not achieving the local target of 2.89% and, therefore, France did not contribute positively to Union-wide performance. The NSA states the main reasons for not meeting the target is the high traffic levels, ATFM delays during the Summer and traffic volatility. Remedial measures to improve KEA focus on increasing capacity and implementing the projects listed in the ERNIP.

  • Both KEP and KES remained stable in comparison with 2024 with only a minor degradation in both indicators.

  • VFE of the actual en route trajectory was at 79.4%, which was better than the average Union-wide performance.

  • The average time in level flight during descent and climb were both stable compared to 2024, with minor variations in performance compared to 2024.

  • Additional taxi-out time was 3.7 min/flight which deteriorated from 3.32 min/flight in 2024, and additional taxi-in time was 1.89 min/flight which deteriorated marginally compared to 1.83 min/flight in 2024.

  • Additional time in the arrival sequencing and metering area deteriorated to 2.84 min/flight from 2.7 min/flight in 2024.

  • Additional taxi out time data for Marseille airport has not been reported for 2025 despite being subject to monitoring as per the Regulation.

En route performance

Horizontal flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (KEA) (KPI#1), of the last filed flight plan (KEP) (PI#1), shortest constrained route (KES) (PI#2) and vertical flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (VFE) (PI#3)

NoteFocus on en route performance

KEA

The absolute value of the indicator has seen a slight deterioration with respect to 2024, but with an improvement with respect to 2023. For KEA, it went from 3.33% in 2023 to 3.29% in 2024 to 3.31% in 2025. For the corrected KEA, it went from 3.30% in 2023 to 3.25% in 2024 to 3.27% in 2025. This places France in 17th position in terms of KEA and 25th position in terms of KEA corrected (2025).

France is the State with the highest average additional internal distance (7.16 km per flight) and average total additional distance (16.4 km per flight).

In terms of overall contribution to the total additional distance in the SES area, which is 21.74% in 2025, France is the one contributing the most.

Regarding the assessment of the achieved level of actual performance in the environment KPA, the NSA reports: “In 2025, the target has not been met, as KEA reached a value of 3,32%, where the target was set at the value of 2,87%. Performance was quite similar to previous years, which is slightly better than in 2023.

As it has already been the case during the previous years, there are strong interdependencies between horizontal flight efficiency, ATFM delays and traffic levels In 2025, as it is described in the en route capacity monitoring chapters, the performance has still been impacted by capacity and staffing issues at Reims & Brest ACCS but mainly strongly impacted by Marseille ACCs low performance and very high en route ATFM delays (see en route capacity chapter), generating major rerouting and longer routes for a large amount of flights.”

Regarding the implementation of major operational or structural changes during the calendar year impacting performance in this key performance area, the NSA reports: “Main measures addressing KEA underachievement in France are in the capacity field, by trying to enhanced DSNA ACC capacity issues which should enable better flight efficiency ; another important measure to be implemented in France will be the full enhcnaced FRA implementation as per CP1 regulation, which has progressed in 2025 and has been fully implemented above flight level 305 in all French airspace 19th March 2026. More details on measures to address both capacity and environment performance in France are given in the dedicated annex to this monitoring report (French capacity and environment remedial measures).”

Regarding progress on the implementation of the measures committed to in the ERNIP, the NSA reports: “DSNA is currently implementing ERNIP measures as planned; a major achievement is the full enhcnaced FRA implementation as per CP1 regulation, which has progressed in 2025 and has been fully implemented above flight level 305 in all French airspace 19th March 2026. A more detailed view on ERNIP measures implementation desciption by DSNA is provided in the dedicated annex to this monitoring report (French capacity and environment remedial measures).”

Regarding the identification and analysis by the NSA of the underlying reasons or circumstances having led to the performance target not being achieved, the NSA reports: “High traffic levels and delays in Reims and Marseille - which is very much interdependent with HFE - and high peak traffic levels during Summer and traffic volatility in general, adverse weather condition had a negative impact on DSNA HFE performance in 2025.

It should also be recalled that, regarding HFE, other stakeholders behaviour have an impact on the KPI : use of airspace by the military, fuel efficiency choices made by air space users, NM recommendation not to provide direct routes (flight it as it is planned concept), meteorological issues ... It is also recognized by the NM that KEA reduction is structurally limited (at European level, it should be difficult) to go under 2% with the current airspace structure).

DSNA is also implementing new projects and measures that should have a positive impact on environment but more in the vertical field or in line with better fuel efficiency."“

Regarding recommendations to the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “A specific meeting has been organized with DSNA in order to gather both explanations and information about remedial measures already launched and identify potential additional measures that could be implemented by DSNA in 2025 and beyond to tackle non temporary environment issues.

The following recommendations / course of actions have been discussed and agreed with DSNA:

- Measures already identified, coordinated with the Network Manager and published in the ERNIP;

- A set of specific remedial measures put in place by DSNA or already planned in 2025 to mitigate identified non temporary issues at the French ACCs have been presented to the French NSA and are listed in the table below and provided in more details in the dedicated annex to this monitoring report (French capacity and environment remedial measures). : the French NSA will be kept informed by DSNA of their timely implementation, of the expected benefit and of any issue in the implementation plan, and a follow-up meeting will be organized 2nd Semester 2026;

- An analysis of potential risks on 2025 and beyond underperformance has been carried over and required potential remedial measures to address such a situation have been discussed; they are also addressed hereafter and in the dedicated annex already mentioned, with the actions taken by the NSA to monitor future performance through its surveillance program. "“

Regarding remedial measures that have been / will be taken by the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “As already said, main measures to improve KEA achievements by DSNA rely on addressing capacity issues in order to provide better routing to airspace users in a less congested area. Other measures address the priorisation of TRA use, the final and full implementaiton in France of the enha,ced FRA as per CP1 (done 19th March 2026), dynamic RAD implementation but also measures addressing environment in general such as green operations implementation and the implementaiton of the GreenATM label at DSNA (level 3 reached in 2025).

Please refer to the dedicated annex to this monitoring report (French capacity and environment remedial measures) for more details.”

Regarding the follow up of the remedial measures indicated in the previous monitoring report(s), the NSA reports: “As explained above, the French NSA is kept informed of any development related to the implementation of capacity and environment remedial and corrective measures. In particular:

- A follow-up meeting has been organized by the French NSA with DSNA operational directorate in May 2025 to check the implementation of the measures;

- The French NSA has been invited to the two yearly DSNA strategic users' consultation meetings held in 2025 and spring 2026 which include an update on all strategic and operational measures taken by DSNA to improve capacity and environment performances, prepare Summer season 2026 and on the investment program.”

KEP

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “2025 KEP achievement is quite similar to 2024 whih had improved with regards to previous years (better planning, less transition plans, less industrial actions and lower delays, better KEA results). See 2.2.1.A KPI #1 for major changes implemented by the DSNA. Measures that improve KEA generally also improve KEP.”

KES

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “See 2.2.1.A KPI #1 and 2.2.2.A PI #1 for major changes implemented by the ANSPs. Measures that improve KEA&KEP generally also improve KES.

For information on the monitoring of the effectivenesss on performance, see 2.2.2.A PI #1.”

Vertical flight efficiency

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “This indicator is new and no previous historic data is available to provide any sound analysis at this stage. The PI will be monitored during RP4 and the evolution of the achievements will enable comparisons, explanations, performance drivers identification and benchmarking in the next years of RP4.

In addition, France is continuously working on improving CDO implementation and FUA improvements.”

Terminal performance

Additional taxi-out time (AXOT) (PI#4), Additional taxi-in time (AXIT) (PI#5) & Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) time (PI#6)

Airport level
Airport
Additional taxi-out time (PI#4)
Additional ASMA time (PI#6)
Additional taxi-in time (PI#5)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Marseille NA NA NA NA NA 3.59 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Nice 3.02 NA NA NA NA 3.92 NA NA NA NA 1.19 NA NA NA NA
Paris Charles de Gaulle 4.32 NA NA NA NA 2.53 NA NA NA NA 2.27 NA NA NA NA
Paris Orly 2.98 NA NA NA NA 2.44 NA NA NA NA 1.59 NA NA NA NA
NoteFocus on AXOT, AXIT & ASMA

AXOT

Paris – Charles de Gaulle, Paris – Orly, Nice and Marseille are the only French airports subject to the monitoring of this indicator. It was not possible to calculate the indicator for Marseille due to lack of data reported by the airport.

Additional time in Paris – Charles de Gaulle in 2025 increased to 4.32 min/dep, 18% higher than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 3.67 min/dep.

Additional time in Paris – Orly in 2025 was equal to 2.98 min/dep, very close to 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 2.99 min/dep.

Additional time in Nice in 2025 increased to 3.02 min/dep, 8% higher than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 2.80 min/dep.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 3.61 min/dep.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The 2025 values show a deterioration for LFMN, LFPO and LFPG linked to the traffic increase and volatility, the overall DSNA ATC capacity performance but also impacted by works on the airport side.”

Regarding the absence of data at airport level, the NSA reports: “Regarding LFML (Marseille airport), te Airport data flow (APDF) has been implemented 2019 but with some technical issues regarding block data. Beginning 2020, when within the framework of a project on implementing A-CDM concept at Marseille airport, additional exchanges took place regarding lacking information (AOBT/AIBT) and how to provide it through the airport data flow but it could not be implemented during the covid 19 phase.

Eurocontrol has contacted Marseille airport authorities to tackle the issue. The French NSA will support Eurocontrol and Marseille airport in order to identify remaining issues and implement the on block data provision as soon as possible.

Ongoing work with good progress has been made for the implementation of ECRA at LFML.”

AXIT

Paris – Charles de Gaulle, Paris – Orly, Nice and Marseille are the only French airports subject to the monitoring of this indicator. It was not possible to calculate the indicator for Marseille airport due to lack of data reported by the airport.

The additional time in 2025 was equal to 2.27 min/arr in Paris – Charles de Gaulle, 1.59 min/arr in Paris – Orly and 1.18 min/arr in Nice.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 1.71 min/arr.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The 2025 values show a deterioration for LFMN, LFPO and LFPG linked to the traffic increase and volatility, the overall DSNA ATC capacity performance but also impacted by works on the airport side.”

Regarding the absence of data at airport level, the NSA reports: “Regarding LFML (Marseille airport), te Airport data flow (APDF) has been implemented 2019 but with some technical issues regarding block data. Beginning 2020, when within the framework of a project on implementing A-CDM concept at Marseille airport, additional exchanges took place regarding lacking information (AOBT/AIBT) and how to provide it through the airport data flow but it could not be implemented during the covid 19 phase.

Eurocontrol has contacted Marseille airport authorities to tackle the issue. The French NSA will support Eurocontrol and Marseille airport in order to identify remaining issues and implement the on block data provision as soon as possible.

Ongoing work with good progress has been made for the implementation of ECRA at LFML.”

ASMA

Paris – Charles de Gaulle, Paris – Orly, Nice and Marseille are the only French airports subject to the monitoring of this indicator.

Additional time in Paris – Charles de Gaulle in 2025 increased to 2.53 min/arr, 14% higher than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 2.21 min/arr.

Additional time in Paris – Orly in 2025 increased to 2.44 min/arr, 7% higher than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 2.29 min/arr.

Additional time in Nice in 2025 decreased to 3.92 min/arr, 4% lower than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 4.07 min/arr.

Additional time in Marseille in 2025 decreased to 3.59 min/dep, 3% lower than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 3.69 min/arr.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 2.98 min/arr.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Values for LFPO and LFPG achievements are standard thanks to AMAN/XMAN implementation. Improved AMAN usage at LFMN and extended AMAN with LFMM should enable better results as from 2026.”

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent (PI#7) and of the climb (PI#8)

NoteFocus on vertical flight efficiency of the descent and of the climb

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (149.2 seconds per flight), average times flown level during descent are on average 115.3 seconds per flight higher in France. The highest average time flown level during descent happens at Toussus-le-Noble (LFPN) (697.7 seconds per flight), while the lowest happens at Toulouse-Blagnac (LFBO) (79.8 seconds per flight).

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “DSNA is continuously working on improving the vertical efficiency of descents and has set an objective to reduce the time spent in level flight (from the Top of Descent) by 25% compared to 2019. This aims to reduce both noise and fuel consumption at major airports.

This initiative is being implemented locally through several projects:

- Implementation of PBN to final systems at LFPO and LFMN;

- Implementation of new approach trajectories at LFLL (level-off time reduced by 10 seconds);

- At LFPG, a green slot for optimizing descent has been expanded, resulting in fuel savings of 40 to 80 kg for 150 to 200 flights each day;

- At LFPO, a similar system has been implemented, saving 10 seconds of level-off time;

- An experiment will take place in 2026 at LFST to facilitate Continuous Descent Operations (CDO).”

Vertical flight efficiency of the climb

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (34.8 seconds per flight), average times flown level during climb are on average 16.7 seconds per flight higher in France. The highest average time flown level during climb happens at Lille Airport (LFQQ) (361.3 seconds per flight), while the lowest happens at Paris Charles de Gaulle (LFPG) (33.7 seconds per flight).

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The average time spent in level-off for climbing aircraft is much lower than for descending aircraft. This is explained by the fact that climbing aircraft depart from an airport and therefore diverge from a single point (whereas arriving aircraft converge toward one point). As a result, there are fewer conflicts between aircraft and, consequently, less need for level-offs.

Nevertheless, some local initiatives have been implemented where potential improvements have been identified. This is the case in the Paris area, where LFPG and LFPO have worked on transfer conditions to the ACC to enable airlines to use software that computes the most fuel-efficient climb profile for each flight (as part of the HERON SESAR project).”

Airport level
Airport
Avg. duration in climb (PI#8)
Avg. duration in descent (PI#7)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Albert-Bray 107.4 NA NA NA NA 400.0 NA NA NA NA
Bordeaux-Mérignac 43.8 NA NA NA NA 131.4 NA NA NA NA
Bergerac-Dordogne-Périgord 80.2 NA NA NA NA 235.8 NA NA NA NA
La Rochelle-Ile de Ré 83.8 NA NA NA NA 302.5 NA NA NA NA
Poitiers-Biard 79.2 NA NA NA NA 449.0 NA NA NA NA
Limoges-Bellegarde 60.4 NA NA NA NA 242.0 NA NA NA NA
Toulouse-Blagnac 37.6 NA NA NA NA 79.8 NA NA NA NA
Pau-Pyrénées 50.2 NA NA NA NA 157.8 NA NA NA NA
Tarbes-Lourdes Pyrénées 53.7 NA NA NA NA 121.4 NA NA NA NA
Biarritz-Pays Basque 41.2 NA NA NA NA 117.4 NA NA NA NA
Rodez-Aveyron 52.0 NA NA NA NA 210.1 NA NA NA NA
Dôle-Tavaux 89.4 NA NA NA NA 646.8 NA NA NA NA
Metz-Nancy-Lorraine 103.5 NA NA NA NA 430.5 NA NA NA NA
Bastia-Poretta 44.6 NA NA NA NA 146.3 NA NA NA NA
Calvi-Sainte-Catherine 78.9 NA NA NA NA 234.8 NA NA NA NA
Figari-Sud Corse 59.3 NA NA NA NA 135.1 NA NA NA NA
Ajaccio-Napoléon-Bonaparte 40.8 NA NA NA NA 91.7 NA NA NA NA
Chambéry-Aix-les-Bains 75.8 NA NA NA NA 395.3 NA NA NA NA
Clermont-Ferrand-Auvergne 69.4 NA NA NA NA 186.4 NA NA NA NA
Lyon-Saint-Exupéry 36.3 NA NA NA NA 112.4 NA NA NA NA
Annecy-Meythet 107.8 NA NA NA NA 332.1 NA NA NA NA
Grenoble-Alpes-Isère 65.6 NA NA NA NA 312.4 NA NA NA NA
Châteauroux-Déols 126.9 NA NA NA NA 449.4 NA NA NA NA
Lyon-Bron 74.4 NA NA NA NA 219.0 NA NA NA NA
Cannes-Mandelieu 113.6 NA NA NA NA 511.0 NA NA NA NA
Istres-Le-Tubé 66.6 NA NA NA NA 216.8 NA NA NA NA
Carcassonne-Salvaza 73.7 NA NA NA NA 264.6 NA NA NA NA
Marseille 42.7 NA NA NA NA 191.1 NA NA NA NA
Nice 39.4 NA NA NA NA 209.1 NA NA NA NA
Perpignan-Rivesaltes 99.7 NA NA NA NA 221.2 NA NA NA NA
Montpellier-Méditerranée 75.2 NA NA NA NA 197.8 NA NA NA NA
Béziers-Vias 92.3 NA NA NA NA 293.4 NA NA NA NA
Avignon-Caumont 106.9 NA NA NA NA 379.1 NA NA NA NA
Beauvais-Tillé 60.3 NA NA NA NA 432.2 NA NA NA NA
Châlons-Vatry 144.6 NA NA NA NA 342.1 NA NA NA NA
Tours-Val de Loire 68.8 NA NA NA NA 323.5 NA NA NA NA
Paris-Le Bourget 91.4 NA NA NA NA 616.9 NA NA NA NA
Paris Charles de Gaulle 33.7 NA NA NA NA 309.7 NA NA NA NA
Toussus-le-Noble 221.2 NA NA NA NA 697.7 NA NA NA NA
Paris Orly 49.1 NA NA NA NA 331.1 NA NA NA NA
Lille-Lesquin 361.3 NA NA NA NA 238.1 NA NA NA NA
Brest-Bretagne 38.6 NA NA NA NA 111.7 NA NA NA NA
Deauville-Normandie 136.4 NA NA NA NA 449.1 NA NA NA NA
Lorient-Lann Bihoué 35.7 NA NA NA NA 186.2 NA NA NA NA
Caen-Carpiquet 155.4 NA NA NA NA 378.7 NA NA NA NA
Rennes-Saint-Jacques 47.4 NA NA NA NA 104.4 NA NA NA NA
Quimper-Pluguffan 73.8 NA NA NA NA 472.4 NA NA NA NA
Nantes-Atlantique 44.2 NA NA NA NA 118.1 NA NA NA NA
Saint-Nazaire-Montoir 47.8 NA NA NA NA 178.7 NA NA NA NA
Bâle-Mulhouse 58.6 NA NA NA NA 232.0 NA NA NA NA
Brive-Souillac 41.6 NA NA NA NA 286.5 NA NA NA NA
Strasbourg-Entzheim 99.6 NA NA NA NA 247.6 NA NA NA NA
Hyères-Le Palyvestre 82.1 NA NA NA NA 193.0 NA NA NA NA
Nîmes-Garons 95.0 NA NA NA NA 309.9 NA NA NA NA

Civil-Military dimension

NoteFocus on Civil-Military dimension

Effective use of reserved or segregated local airspace

FRANCE reports a ratio of 94.63%

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “For FABEC the data was retrieved from: https://www.sesperformance.eu/dataportal/data/. The guidance material states that the data for PI #9, #10, and #11 should be provided by the Network Manager. However, the data is not complete, only the ratios are provided by NM and on a state level (not on the ACC level). Therefore, the data is only provided at a state level (ratios only).”

Rate of planning via available airspace structures

FRANCE reports that: - The ratio of planning via available airspace structures is 50.81% (via available restricted and segregated airspaces) - The ratio of planning via available airspace structures is 74.86% (via available conditional routes – CDR)

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “For FABEC the data was retrieved from: https://www.sesperformance.eu/dataportal/data/. The guidance material states that the data for PI #9, #10, and #11 should be provided by the Network Manager. However, the data is not complete, only the ratios are provided by NM and on a state level (not on the ACC level). Therefore, the data is only provided at a state level (ratios only)”

Rate of using available airspace structures

FRANCE reports that: - The ratio of the use of the available airspace structures is 54.30% (via available restricted and segregated airspaces) - The ratio of the use of the available airspace structures is 64.41% (via available conditional routes – CDR)

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “For FABEC the data was retrieved from: https://www.sesperformance.eu/dataportal/data/. The guidane material states that the data for PI #9, #10, and #11 should be provided by the Network Manager. However, the data is not complete, only the ratios are provided by NM and on a state level (not on the ACC level). Therefore, the data is only provided at a state level (ratios only).”

 
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