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  1. Environment
  • Year report
    • 2025 ✓

    • RP3
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  • Ireland
  • Overview
    • Contextual information
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  • Safety
    • PRB monitoring
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    • Safety occurrences
      • Runway incursions
      • Separation minima infringements

  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Flight efficiency
    • Terminal performance
      • AXOT, AXIT & ASMA
      • CDO/CCO
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
      • En route performance indicators at ACC level
      • Other information
    • Terminal performance
      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

  • Cost-efficiency
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ
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      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ
      • Unit cost
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      • Regulatory Result

Environment - Ireland

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PRB monitoring

  • Ireland registered a KEA performance of 1.63%. Their target of 1.42% was not achieved and Ireland did not contribute positively to Union-wide performance. The NSA states the main reasons for not meeting the target are changes outside of the control of AirNav Ireland. The changes include free route airspace implementation in the London FIR, changes in flight planning behaviour and traffic levels in the north Atlantic and the inclusion of Reykjavik FIR within the Eurocontrol reference area.

  • Both KEP and KES degraded in comparison to 2024.

  • VFE of the actual en route trajectory was 80.77%, which was better than the average Union-wide performance.

  • The average time in level flight during descent deteriorated and during climb was stable compared to 2024.

  • Additional taxi-out time and taxi in time were stable in 2025 compared to 2024.

  • Additional time in the arrival sequencing and metering area deteriorated to 3.98 min/flight from 3.46 min/flight in 2024.

En route performance

Horizontal flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (KEA) (KPI#1), of the last filed flight plan (KEP) (PI#1), shortest constrained route (KES) (PI#2) and vertical flight efficiency of the actual trajectory (VFE) (PI#3)

NoteFocus on en route performance

KEA

In terms of absolute values, there has been a slight degradation with respect to 2024 both in terms of KEA and the KEA corrected (KEA: 1.44% in 2023, 1.40% in 2024, 1.63% in 2025; corrected KEA: 1.42% in 2023, 1.38% in 2024, 1.60% in 2025).

Part of the deterioration in 2025 must be ascribed to the inclusion of Iceland in the reference area. In any case, in 2025 those values mean that Ireland ranks 5th in terms of KEA and 7th in terms of corrected KEA.

In terms of contribution to the overall additional distance in the SES area, the value of Ireland is 0.93% (7th lowest contribution).

Regarding the assessment of the achieved level of actual performance in the environment KPA, the NSA reports: “The KEA performance, as currently measured by EUROCONTROL, deterioriated in 2025 from 1.40% in 2024. We believe that this change in performance was correlated with other changes largely beyond the control of AirNav Ireland. These changes include:

- Implementation of LD1 free route airspace in the London FIR;

- Changes in airline flight‑planning behaviour and traffic levels using NAT airspace, driven by cost optimisation and achieving more efficient trajectories via TANGO and oceanic routings;

- Inclusion of the Reykjavik FIR within the EUROCONTROL measurement and reference area, with consequent methodological effects on achieved distance and KEA calculations.

AirNav Ireland's peer ranking remained in the top quartile among European ANSP performance on KEA (5th best) overall.”

Regarding the implementation of major operational or structural changes during the calendar year impacting performance in this key performance area, the NSA reports: “No. There has been no local structural changes that would impact the KEA score in Irish airspace.”

Regarding progress on the implementation of the measures committed to in the ERNIP, the NSA reports: “Work continued on the Shannon FIR reorganisation. This included the removal of the last remaining routes (which were available for flight planning but not mandatory) and additional controlled airspace introduced at Ireland West airport to protect instrument flight procedures and faciliate CCO/CDO.

Internal changes to a number of Shannon sectors were completed in order to assist the ANSP match sector design to trafic flows.

Work continued on the development of new IFP's and associated changes for the Shannon and Cork CTRs. This area continues to be a work in progress.”

Regarding the identification and analysis by the NSA of the underlying reasons or circumstances having led to the performance target not being achieved, the NSA reports: “Both the Network Manager and AirNav Ireland were asked for assistance to assess of the drivers of KEA performance in Irish airspace. AirNav Ireland commissioned a KEA assessment, which subsequently identified three drivers which were correlated with the change in KEA performance observed in 2025 (highlighted above). The Network Manager corroborated this analysis, in particular airline flight planning, as a key driver in the change of KEA performance in 2025.

Note the Network Manager also advised that all Member State's were assigned a KEA inprovement target, which was capped for States which had already implemented free route airspace, or had limited opportunities to improve KEA performance beyond what was achieved in 2023.”

Regarding recommendations to the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “We expect AirNav Ireland to engage proactively with regulators in future when changes arise that have the potential to affect interdependencies and Ireland’s environmental performance metrics. This includes early notification, assessment of impacts and options, and coordinated engagement with relevant external parties where appropriate.”

Regarding remedial measures that have been / will be taken by the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “We have engaged the European Commission on a number of KEA related methodological queries linked to the expansion of the KEA reference area to include Reykjavik FIR.”

Regarding the follow up of the remedial measures indicated in the previous monitoring report(s), the NSA reports: “A number of elements have been introduced as part of a low Level airspace review. AirNav Ireland also worked with the neighbouring ANSP on a new initiative on the Irish Sea interface. This included changes to some internal sectors and the introduction of a new boundary point (WETFI) on the Ireland UK boundary.”

KEP

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “There is Full Free Route in the Shannon FIR/UIR. The flight plan trajectory is determined by the airspace users’ preferences as a free route airspace (FRA) concept of operations applies within Irish airspace. With the possible exception of some RADS for ATM purposes, inefficiencies in KEP result from factors outside of Irish airspace and therefore, outside of the ANSP’s control.

The ANSP will continue to monitor and review the KEP and factors that may impact the value. The ANSP continues to review RADs with neighbouring ANSPs with a view to identifying possible improvements in horizontal flight efficiency. Work continues on the feasibility of using Dynamic RADs. It is intended to work with NATS in the expansion of Nighttime Fuel Savings Routes in (NTFSR) in 2026. There are no capacity RADs in Irish FRA, the RADs applied are structural to protect adjacent airspace and to force efficient flight profiles, the adjacent ANSP has limited introduction of dynamic RAD (3). It is intended to have a full review of RADS post Summer 26.”

KES

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The flight plan trajectory within the EISN FIR is determined by the airspace users’ preferences as a free route airspace (FRA) concept of operations applies within Irish airspace. Differences from the shortest constrained trajectory are therefore a result of the trajectory planned by the airspace user. Accordingly, inefficiencies in KES result from factors outside of Irish airspace and therefore, outside of the ANSP’s control.

The Low Level airspace review continued with the following completed and ongoing:

1. The removal of the last remaining routes (which were available for flight planning but not mandatory)

2. Additional controlled airspace introduced at Ireland West airport to protect instrument flight procedures and faciliate CCO/CDO

Work continued on the development of new IFP's and associated changes for the Shannon and Cork CTRs. This area continues to be a work in progress.”

Vertical flight efficiency

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “AirNav Ireland will continue to monitor this PI, however adjacent ANSP requirements does create limitations.

It should be noted a FRA concept of operations applies in Irish airspace so the vertical profile of actual en-route trajectories is dependent on the levels planned by the airspace users, the cleared oceanic flight levels (cleared levels are provided by the UK’s Prestwick Oceanic Control Centre) and any level restrictions placed on trajectories by neighbouring ANSPs.”

Terminal performance

Additional taxi-out time (AXOT) (PI#4), Additional taxi-in time (AXIT) (PI#5) & Arrival Sequencing and Metering Area (ASMA) time (PI#6)

Airport level
Airport
Additional taxi-out time (PI#4)
Additional ASMA time (PI#6)
Additional taxi-in time (PI#5)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Dublin 4.18 NA NA NA NA 3.98 NA NA NA NA 2.06 NA NA NA NA
NoteFocus on AXOT, AXIT & ASMA

AXOT

Dublin is the only Irish airport subject to the monitoring of this indicator. The additional time in 2025 was equal to 4.18 min/dep, the same as 2024 value – last year of RP3 (using the new methodology).

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 3.61 min/dep.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Dublin Airport is engaged in a project to implement A-CDM, with a T4 trial scheduled for October 2026. AirNav Ireland will continue to support Dublin Airport in the development of A-CDM.”

AXIT

Dublin is the only Irish airport subject to the monitoring of this indicator. The additional time in 2025 was equal to 2.06 min/arr.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 1.71 min/arr.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The additional time in the taxi-in phase is largely determined by the ongoing airfield works which can constrain the movement of aircraft around the airfield and also by the availability of stands/gates at which the arriving aircraft can park.”

ASMA

Dublin is the only Irish airport subject to the monitoring of this indicator. The additional time in 2025 increased to 3.98 min/arr, above the 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 3.46 min/arr (using the new methodology). This represents a 15% increment and results in the second highest additional time in terminal airspace of states included in RP4.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of this indicator across Member States in 2025 was 2.98 min/arr.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “AirNav Ireland is working with the airlines at Dublin airport to reduce the frequency of early arrivals at the airport, which will reduce the number of early arriving aircraft placed in the hold prior to 07:00 local time to facilitate a focus on the 1st wave of departures, in keeping with the Network Manager’s operational priorities which is in turn supported by airlines. The Dublin Airport Planning Group established a subgroup suggested by the ANSP to progress improvements in this area.

A review of the Dublin airspace is ongoing and includes:

- Review of and update to IFP's as required to ensure regulatory compliance

- Interface meetings have taken place between Shannon and Dublin to review current procedures with a view to improving day to day operations as well as lay the ground work for future changes and developments. Work will continue in this area in 2026.”

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent (PI#7) and of the climb (PI#8)

NoteFocus on vertical flight efficiency of the descent and of the climb

Vertical flight efficiency of the descent

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (149.2 seconds per flight), average times flown level during descent are on average 51.7 seconds per flight lower in Ireland. The highest average time flown level during descent happens at Dublin (EIDW) (100.9 seconds per flight), while the lowest happens at Cork (EICK) (76.5 seconds per flight).

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “AirNav Ireland is engaging key airlines about Continuous Descent Operations (CDO) performance at Irish airports where it provides ATM services. The data highlights a significant difference in CDO achievd by airlines and as a result there is significant potential to improve overall CDO performance.

AirNav Ireland has established an environmental taskforce to support improved environmental performance, with increased monitoring, trials and a review of airspace changes that may be required to further facilitate airlines improve CDO.

Trials conducted at Shannon and Cork airports in 2024 provided useful information to the ANSP in the context of development of timebound procedures. Airlines serving Cork during the first 30 days of the trial advised of fuel savings of approx. 21,000 Kgs. The output from the trials is under discussion as part of the low-level airspace review and associated changes to the Shannon and Cork CTRs.”

Vertical flight efficiency of the climb

Compared to the overall RP4 average value (34.8 seconds per flight), average times flown level during climb are on average 13.5 seconds per flight lower in Ireland. The highest average time flown level during climb happens at Shannon (EINN) (28.5 seconds per flight), while the lowest happens at Dublin (EIDW) (20.5 seconds per flight).

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “The ANSP has engaged its largest customers on their Continuous Climb Operations (CCO) performance at Irish airports where it provides ATM services. The rate of CCO largely depends on the agreed levels at which an aircraft may be handed over to the neighbouring FIR and the ANSP will continue to work with its counterparts to agree levels which allow departing aircraft to climb at their optimum rate without levelling off.”

Airport level
Airport
Avg. duration in climb (PI#8)
Avg. duration in descent (PI#7)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Cork 23.3 NA NA NA NA 76.5 NA NA NA NA
Dublin 20.5 NA NA NA NA 100.9 NA NA NA NA
Shannon 28.5 NA NA NA NA 82.6 NA NA NA NA

Civil-Military dimension

NoteFocus on Civil-Military dimension

Effective use of reserved or segregated local airspace

IRELAND reports a ratio of 100%

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Monitoring of this area is conducted as part of the Ireland FUA policy”

Rate of planning via available airspace structures

IRELAND, reports that has no data available.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Due to the limited number of activations, it is estimated that approx 0.04% of flights are impacted by this. There are no CDR's in place in Ireland.”

Rate of using available airspace structures

IRELAND, reports that has no data available.

Regarding initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI and how does the NSA intend on monitoring their effectiveness on performance, the NSA reports: “Due to the limited number of activations, it is estimated that approx 0.04% of flights are impacted by this. There are no CDR's in place in Ireland.”

 
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