• Home
  • SES view
  • State view
    • Austria
    • Belgium
    • Bulgaria
    • Croatia
    • Cyprus
    • Czech Republic
    • Denmark
    • Estonia
    • FABEC
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Greece
    • Hungary
    • Ireland
    • Italy
    • Latvia
    • Lithuania
    • Luxembourg
    • Malta
    • MUAC
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Romania
    • Slovakia
    • Slovenia
    • Spain
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
  • NM View
  • Investments
    • SES RP4

    • Austria
    • Belgium
    • Bulgaria
    • Croatia
    • Cyprus
    • Czech Republic
    • Denmark
    • Estonia
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Greece
    • Hungary
    • Ireland
    • Italy
    • Latvia
    • Lithuania
    • Luxembourg
    • Malta
    • MUAC
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Romania
    • Slovakia
    • Slovenia
    • Spain
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
  • About
  • Download
  • Data Portal
  • Publications
  1. Safety
  • Year report
    • 2025 ✓

    • RP3
      • 2024
      • 2023
      • 2022
      • 2021
      • 2020

  • SES RP4
  • Overview
    • Contextual information
    • Main PRB findings
    • Traffic
    • Safety
    • Environment
    • Capacity
    • Cost-efficiency

  • Safety
    • PRB monitoring
    • EoSM
    • Safety occurrences
      • Runway incursions
      • Separation minima infringements

  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Flight efficiency
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
      • En route performance indicators at ACC level
      • Other information
    • Terminal performance
      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

  • Cost-efficiency
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result

Safety - SES RP4

Download Report

PRB monitoring

  • 6 ANSPs achieved the EoSM RP4 targets in all the Management Objectives.

  • 6 ANSPs achieved the EoSM RP4 target level D on safety risk management already in 2025.

  • 17 ANSPs achieved the EoSM RP4 target level C on all other Management Objectives already in 2025.

  • 13 ANSPs failed to achieve the planned maturity levels for 2025.

  • Four ANSPs scored minimum level A (below regulatory requirements) at least on one of the Management Objectives.

  • The rates of Runway Incursions (RIs) and Separation Minima Infringements (SMIs) decreased compared to 2024.

Effectiveness of Safety Management (EoSM) (KPI#1)

NoteFocus on EoSM

Number of ANSPs on target

In the first year of RP4, six ANSPs achieved the RP4 targets for the effectiveness of safety management. More specifically, six ANSPs reached the target for Safety Risk Management and 17 ANSPs achieved the RP4 targets for all the other Management Objectives (MOs). However, overall performance remained below the planned intermediate targets for 2025, with 13 ANSPs still behind their 2025 plans (skeyes, CYATS, NAVIAIR, DNSA, ANA LUX, LVNL, Avinor, Romatsa, Skyways, LFV, ACR, SDATS, AFAB). Moreover, four ANSPs (skeyes, NAVIAIR, DSNA, ANA LUX), are at the lowest maturity level A (informal arrangements), below the regulatory requirements.

  • 6 out of 38 ANSPs achieved the RP4 target level D for Safety Risk Management.

  • 17 out of 38 ANSPs achieved the RP4 target level C for all other MOs.

  • 6 out of 38 ANSPs achieved the 2024 EoSM targets for RP4 in full.

Actual versus planned

Seven ANSPs planned to achieve RP4 maturity target for Safety Risk Management already in the first year of the reference period, and19 ANSPs planned to achieve the RP4 maturity targets for all the other Management Objectives (MOs). However, only six ANSPs achieved the Safety Risk Management target, and 17 ANSPs achieved the targets for all the other MOs.

Seven ANSPs (EANS, AirNav Ireland, Slovenia Control, LFV, ACR, SDATS, and AFAB) planned to achieve the RP4 maturity targets in 2025 for all the Management Objectives. Three of them (EANS, AirNav Ireland and Slovenia Control) successfully achieved these targets, while the remaining four were unable.

Overall, 13 ANSPs did not meet their planned intermediate targets for 2025 and remain behind their performance plan already from the first year of reference period (skeyes, CYATS, NAVIAIR, DNSA, ANA LUX, LVNL, Avinor, Romatsa, Skyways, LFV, ACR, SDATS, and AFAB).

Number of ANSPs per Management Objective

Six ANSPs reached the most demanding target, Level D, for the Safety Risk Management objective. Among the other Management Objectives, which have a RP4 target level of C, 21 ANSPs achieved the target for Safety Culture, 23 ANSPs achieved the target for Safety Policy and Objectives, 19 ANSPs achieved the target for Safety Assurance, and 22 ANSPs achieved the target for Safety Promotion.

Interdependency

The Component “Interdependencies, Resilient System Performance, Buffers and Trade-offs” proved particularly critical during RP3 and is expected to remain so throughout RP4. ANSPs continue to face complex operational and strategic challenges arising from shifts in traffic flows caused by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the geopolitical situation in the Middle East. In 2025, 2 ANSPs were assessed at levels A, 13 were assessed at levels B, 18 were assessed at levels C and 5 at level D.

Safety occurrences

Rate of runway incursions (RIs) (PI#1) and Rate of runway incursion with ANS contribution (PI#3)

Rate of RI per 100,000 airport movements
TOP 10 APTs in terms of movements
TOP 10 APTs in terms of number of RIs
TOP 10 APTs in terms of rate of RIs
# Airport name APT mvts. Number of RI Rate RI per 100,000 mvts. # Airport name APT mvts. Number of RI Rate RI per 100,000 mvts. # Airport name APT mvts. Number of RI Rate RI per 100,000 mvts.
1 Amsterdam 496,040 14 2.82 1 Hannover 75,697 21 27.74 1 Cuneo Levaldigi 3,682 3 81.48
2 Paris Charles de Gaulle 480,283 3 0.62 2 Eelde 60,106 15 24.96 2 Comiso Pio La Torre 2,497 2 80.10
3 Frankfurt 465,242 6 1.29 3 Munich 340,618 14 4.11 3 Beek 9,203 4 43.46
4 Madrid Barajas 430,785 12 2.79 4 Amsterdam 496,040 14 2.82 4 Erfurt 9,644 3 31.11
5 Barcelona 360,873 4 1.11 5 Lisbon 231,732 13 5.61 5 Hannover 75,697 21 27.74
6 Munich 340,618 14 4.11 6 Zürich 269,497 13 4.82 6 Istres-Le-Tubé 15,959 4 25.06
7 Rome Fiumicino 322,074 4 1.24 7 Madrid Barajas 430,785 12 2.79 7 Eelde 60,106 15 24.96
8 Athinai-Eleftherios Venizelos 290,104 2 0.69 8 Napoli Capodichino 93,901 11 11.71 8 Hyères-Le Palyvestre 22,157 5 22.57
9 Zürich 269,497 13 4.82 9 Gran Canaria 147,075 8 5.44 9 Pantelleria 4,578 1 21.84
10 Dublin 268,494 0 0.00 10 Cologne/Bonn 133,771 7 5.23 10 Albenga 6,475 1 15.44
NoteFocus on runway incursions

RI rate

In 2025, the rate of runway incursion (RI) equalled 2.70 occurrences per 100,000 aircraft movements, a decrease from 3.8 in 2024 and therefore returning to the downward trend observed in previous years. The runway incursions with ANS contribution equalled 0.87 per 100,000 aircraft movements, a decrease from 0.95. Austria did not provide information on the runway incursions with ANS contribution. The absolute number of RIs decreased from 563 in 2024 to 351 in 2025 (-38%), while the number of RIs with ANS contribution decreased from 123 to 113 (-8%).

RI by Member State

Comparing absolute numbers and rates of occurrences between Member States and between airports must be done with caution. The number of occurrences reported is greatly dependent on the reporting culture of the organisation, the classification of occurrences, use of automated systems, etc. A high rate of occurrences in one Member State or airport is therefore not necessarily equal to a worsening performance compared with Member States or airports with lower rates.

Although the highest rate of RIs was recorded in Malta (9.64), only 7 occurrences were reported, and the highest rate is due to relatively low traffic volume at Malta airport. The Netherlands are at the second position with the rate 6.41 and Norway at third position with the rate 4.13. Both Member States recorded the increase on the rate to compare to the 2024. The lowest rate of RIs was recorded in Denmark and Luxembourg, where both Member States reported 0 RIs. Third lowest was Ireland, with rate of RIs of 0.29.

RI by Airport

The analysis included 189 airports across multiple European countries. Of these, 89 airports (47.1%) reported 0 RI occurrences, while the remaining 99 airports reported at least one RI occurrence. Data for one airport were not reported.

The airports with the highest number of RI occurrences were Hannover (EDDV, 21 occurrences), Eelde (EHGG, 15), Munich (EDDM, 14), Amsterdam (EHAM, 14), and Lisbon (LPPT) and Zurich (LSZH) with 13 occurrences each.

When normalized by traffic volume, the highest RI rates per 100,000 movements were observed at LIMZ (Cuneo Levaldigi) (81.48), LICB (Comiso Pio La Torre) (80.10), EHBK (Beek) (43.46), EDDE (Erfurt) (31.11) and EDDV (Hannover) (27.74). These results indicate that while some major airports recorded the greatest number of RI occurrences due to their high traffic volumes, smaller regional airports often exhibited substantially higher occurrence rates when adjusted for traffic.

Rate of separation minima infringements (SMIs) (PI#2) and Rate of separation minima infringements with ANS contribution (PI#4)

Rate of SMI with ANS contribution per 100,000 flight hours
# ANSP
Flight hours
Number of SMIs with ANS contribution
Rate of SMI with ANS contribution per 100,000 flight hours
% variation in rate of SMIs
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
1 DSNA 2,012,167 NA NA NA NA 285 NA NA NA NA 14.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2 ENAIRE 1,941,651 NA NA NA NA 133 NA NA NA NA 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
3 ENAV 1,461,589 NA NA NA NA 127 NA NA NA NA 8.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
4 DFS 1,350,353 NA NA NA NA 27 NA NA NA NA 2.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
5 NAV Portugal 969,074 NA NA NA NA 16 NA NA NA NA 1.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
6 HASP 824,132 NA NA NA NA 68 NA NA NA NA 8.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
7 MUAC 645,144 NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
8 LVNL 560,462 NA NA NA NA 85 NA NA NA NA 15.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
9 ROMATSA 522,107 NA NA NA NA 10 NA NA NA NA 1.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
10 BULATSA 443,333 NA NA NA NA 12 NA NA NA NA 2.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
11 PANSA 430,614 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA NA NA 2.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
12 HungaroControl 400,559 NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA NA NA 2.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
13 Avinor 368,722 NA NA NA NA 20 NA NA NA NA 5.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
14 LFV NUAC 354,007 NA NA NA NA 7 NA NA NA NA 2.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
15 AirNav Ireland 348,569 NA NA NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA 1.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
16 Croatia Control 344,538 NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
17 ANS CR 238,167 NA NA NA NA 7 NA NA NA NA 2.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
18 NAVIAIR 209,318 NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA 0.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
19 skeyes 204,151 NA NA NA NA 19 NA NA NA NA 9.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
20 CYATS 181,135 NA NA NA NA 9 NA NA NA NA 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
21 MATS 166,484 NA NA NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
22 Skyguide 145,220 NA NA NA NA 10 NA NA NA NA 6.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
23 LPS SR 110,124 NA NA NA NA 3 NA NA NA NA 2.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
24 Fintraffic ANS 105,928 NA NA NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA 3.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
25 Slovenia Control 80,871 NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA 2.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
26 LGS 63,529 NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA 1.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
27 ITAF 63,348 NA NA NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA 7.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
28 EANS 62,640 NA NA NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA 6.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
29 ORO NAVIGACIJA 55,333 NA NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA 3.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
30 SKYWAY 52,792 NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
31 Saerco 32,000 NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
32 ANA LUX 11,415 NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA 8.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
33 ACR NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
34 AFAB NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
35 Austro Control NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
36 EA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
37 LFV NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
38 Port Lotniczy Bydgoszcz S.A. 0 NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
39 SDATS NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
40 Warmia i Mazury sp. z o.o. 0 NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NoteFocus on separation minima

SMIs rate

In 2025, the rate of separation minima infringements (SMIs) equalled 7.87 occurrences per 100,000 aircraft movements, a decrease from 9.75 in 2024. The SMIs with ANS contribution equalled 6.02 per 100,000 aircraft movements, a decrease from 6.74. Austria did not provide information on the SMIs with ANS contribution.

A significant drop was observed in SMIs occurrences, decreasing from 1464 in 2024 to 1187 in 2025 (-19%). Similarly, the SMIs occurrences with ANS contribution decreased from 982 to 888 (-10%).

SMIs by Member State

Comparing absolute numbers and rates of occurrences between Member States and ANSPs for SMIs must be done with caution. The number of occurrences reported is much dependent on the reporting culture of the organisation, the classification on occurrences, use of automated systems, etc. A high rate of occurrences in one Member State or ANSP is therefore not necessarily equal to a worse performance compared with Member States or ANSPs with lower rates.

Based on the reported SMI data, the Member States with the highest number of SMI occurrences were France (353 occurrences), Italy (296), the Netherlands (106), Spain (85) and Greece (68). The lowest number of SMIs were recorded by Croatia, Denmark and Luxembourg with 1 SMI each and Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovenia with 2 SMIs each.

When normalized by controlled flight hours, the highest occurrence rates were recorded by Italy (19.41), France (17.54), and Norway (16.27). On the opposite, the lowest occurrence rates were recorded by Croatia (0.29), Denmark (0.48) and Portugal (1.24).

SMIs with ANS contribution by ANSP

Based on the reported data, the ANSPs with the highest number of SMI occurrences with ANS contribution were DSNA (285 occurrences), ENAIRE (133), ENAV (127), LVNL (85) and HASP (68). The lowest number of SMIs with ANS contribution (0) were recorded by Arvidsjaur AB (AFAB), Saab Digital ATS (SDATS), Port Lotniczy Bydgoszcz S.A., Warmia i Mazury Sp. z o.o., Saerco, and Skyway.

When normalized by controlled flight hours, the highest rate of SMIs with ANS contribution in 2025 has been recorded in the LVNL airspace (15.1), followed by DNSA (14.1), and Skeyes (9.3). On the opposite side, aside the ANSPs that recorded 0 SMIs with ANS contribution, the lowest rates were recorded by Croatia Control (0.29), MUAC (0.31), and Naviair (0.48).

 
  • © European Union, 2026