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  1. Capacity
  • Year report
    • 2025 ✓

    • RP3
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  • Switzerland
  • Overview
    • Contextual information
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  • Safety
    • PRB monitoring
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    • Safety occurrences
      • Runway incursions
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  • Environment
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • Flight efficiency
    • Terminal performance
      • AXOT, AXIT & ASMA
      • CDO/CCO
    • CIV-MIL

  • Capacity
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route performance
      • En route ATFM delay
      • En route performance indicators at ACC level
      • Other information
    • Terminal performance
      • Arrival ATFM delay
      • Other performance indicators

  • Cost-efficiency
    • PRB monitoring
    • En route CZ
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result
    • Terminal CZ
      • Unit cost
      • AUCU
      • Regulatory Result

Capacity - Switzerland

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PRB monitoring

  • Switzerland registered 0.30 minutes of average en route ATFM delay per flight during 2025, which has been adjusted to 0.25 during the post-ops adjustment process, thus achieving the local target value of 0.36. Delays in Switzerland decreased by -0.15 minutes per flight year-on-year.

  • Delays were highest in June and July, mostly driven by weather.

  • The share of delayed flights with delays longer than 15 minutes in Switzerland increased by 4 percentage points compared to 2024 and was higher than 2019 values.

  • In Geneva ACC, the number of ATCOs in OPS was 86 being below the 2025 plan by -7 FTE. In Zurich ACC, the number of ATCOs in OPS was 98 being below the 2025 plan by -8 FTE.

  • The yearly total of sector opening hours in Geneva ACC was 29,287, showing a -4% decrease compared to 2024. The yearly total of sector opening hours in Zurich ACC was 32,404, showing a -9% decrease compared to 2024.

  • Geneva ACC registered 23.20 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025. Zurich ACC registered 25.53 IFR movements per sector opening hour in 2025. This is an increase of resp. +6% and +8% compared to 2024.

  • Switzerland registered an average airport arrival ATFM delay of 2.07 minutes per flight in 2025, thus not achieving the local target of 1.6 minutes. Compared to 2024, average arrival ATFM delays in Switzerland were 0.29 minutes per flight higher in 2025.

  • The main drivers of delays were weather, accounting for 1.01 of the total delays, and other non-ATC causes, responsible for 0.92.

En route performance

En route ATFM delay (KPI#1)

NoteFocus on en route ATFM delay

En route ATFM delay

  • Switzerland had 1,200k flights in 2025, up from 1,194k flights in 2024.

  • The Swiss ANSP, Skyguide, applied en route ATFM regulations resulting in 402k minutes of delay in 2025, a significant decrease from the 660k minutes in 2024.

  • As part of the strategic traffic re-orientation programme (S25/NTDM) operated by the Network Manager, 25k minutes of delay originating in Switzerland were re-attributed to other ANSPs.

  • Under the auspices of the Route Network (RN) Scenarios during Capacity & Weather Based Operations between June and September 2025, an additional 3k minutes of en route ATFM delay were re-attributed to Skyguide – with 4k minutes of delay originating in Switzerland, being re-attributed to other ANSPs.

  • A further 41k minutes of en route AFTM delay were reattributed (post-operations) to Swiss airports, as airport ATFM arrival delay.

  • Following the NM post operations re-attributions process, Skyguide were responsible for 335k minutes of en route ATFM delay, compared to 540k minutes in 2024.

Regarding the reasons and circumstances resulting in the achieved level of actual performance of the en route ATFM delay per flight KPI, the NSA reports: “Skyguide achieved its target in 2025. In spite of observing traffic levels well above 2019 level (+8%) and above 2024 level (+3.6%), Skyguide could reduce its en-route ATFM delay by 38% compared to 2024.”

Regarding the description of the adjustments to the capacity plan included in adopted performance plan, the NSA reports: “According to the latest Network Operations Plan (NOP 2026), no capacity bottleneck is expected, neither in LSAZACC nor in LSAGACC. The level of performance achieved in 2025 shows that, with the STATFOR traffic forecast baseline scenario, capacity should still be sufficient in 2026 and beyond.”

Regarding remedial measures that have been / will be taken by the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “skyguide: Target met — no remedial measures required”

En route capacity incentive scheme

The FABEC NSAs report neither a financial penalty, nor a financial bonus, for Skyguide, because of the 2025 performance.

For Skyguide, the local en route capacity incentive target, due to CRSTMP causes only, was set at 0.25 mins/flight, (with a deadband of +/- 0.04 mins).

The FABEC NSAs report an achieved CRSTMP performance, for Skyguide, of 0.11 mins/flight using data from the ansperformance.eu dashboard including post ops adjustments.

[NB The attribution of original delay causes on the ansperformance.eu dashboard is unverified.]

Although the local incentive target was surpassed, no bonus is applicable due to FABEC missing the overall capacity target.

En route performance indicators at ACC level (PI#4-5)

NoteFocus en route performance indicators at ACC level

Percentage of total en route ATFM delay that occurred on days when the daily throughput was above the expected daily traffic

As background information on actual performance, the NSA reports: “No historical data series available for comparison; the NSA will monitor this indicator more closely as per next year.”

Annual weighted average of the daily peak throughput

As background information on actual performance, the NSA reports: “This indicator is dependent on traffic evolution; as Zurich UAC lost 4.8 of traffic in 2025 compared to 2024, it is logical to observe a decrease of this indicator by 4%; in Geneva ACC, traffic increased by 1.5% in 2025 vs. 2024 and the sector capacity were increased in April 2025 showing an increase of the indicator by 3.6%.”

Other en route information

NoteFocus on other en route information

ATCOs in operations

As additional comments to ATCOs in the scope of the performance scheme, the NSA reports: “As requested by the ACE study, the update of the non-ops duty percentage for 2025 (24.2%) showed a significant difference with 2023 (18.6%) and 2024 (22.3%) figures”

“Geneva ACC

ATCOs planned to be operational: 93 (the value in the plan) is a value that was based on a percentage of non-ops duty equal to 18.6% (as requested by the ACE study for 2023 data); however, this percentage raised to 24.2% in 2025 and if Skyguide had applied the 2023 percentage to 85.5 (the actual value), they would have had 92.1 FTEs (so very close to 93).

Zurich ACC

ATCOs planned to be operational: 106.4 (the value in the plan) is a value that was based on a percentage of non-ops duty equal to 18.6% (as requested by the ACE study for 2023 data); however, this percentage raised to 24.2% in 2025 and if Skyguide had applied the 2023 percentage to 97.7 (the actual value), they would have had 104.9 FTEs (so, very close to 106.4).”

Regarding the training process, including details on the effective failure rate and the process used to allocate newly qualified ATCOs between ACC, APP and TWR positions, the NSA reports: “Training process: new ATCOs complete Basic and Rating Training in the Academy during their first year, followed by Unit Training in the operational units, which typically lasts 1.5 to 2 years depending on the unit. The allocation of newly qualified ATCOs is based on operational needs, available training capacity, and the candidates’ performance and suitability profiles. For smaller units, allocation occurs before Unit Training begins, whereas for larger units the assignment to ACC, TWR/APP (or APP only) is made after the Basic phase, to ensure a balanced match between trainee potential and unit requirements (roughly five months into training).

Training courses that have recently finished (all trainees have either passed their second endorsement or have definitely failed) reached the following overall training success rate:

ZRH ACC: E23 = 67%; A22 = 57%, E24 = 80%

ZRH TWR/APP: A20 = 25%

GVA ACC: E23 = 80%; E24 = 100%; A22 = 33%;

GVA TWR/APP: A20 = 0%, A22 = 100%; E23 = 0%; E24 = 50%“

Terminal performance

Arrival ATFM delay (KPI#2)

NoteFocus on arrival ATFM delay

Arrival ATFM delay

Average ATFM arrival delay in Switzerland was 2.07 min/arr in 2025, the first year of RP4. The performance has worsened compared to 2024, last year of RP3, when there were 1.78 min/arr.

Out of the two airports included in RP4, Zurich had delays of 2.73 min/arr and Geneva 1.03 min/arr. Aside from weather, operational challenges came from Zurich TTMS live trials and Geneva A-CDM systems replacement, as well as aerodrome capacity regulations in both.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of ATFM Arrival delay across Member States in 2025 was 0.97 min/arr.

Regarding the reasons and circumstances resulting in the achieved level of actual performance of the arrival ATFM delay per flight KPI, the NSA reports: “The performance in 2025 was slightly above the target, for both the total ARR ATFM delay per ARR flight and the CRTSMP ARR ATFM delay per ARR flight. The main reasons for delays at Zurich airport were Weather (52%), Other (TTMS live trial, 20%), Aerodrome Capacity (17%), Special Event (WEF Davos and LSZH TMA redesign project, 5%), Environmental issues (3%) and Staffing (2%). The main reasons for delays in Geneva aiport were Weather (32%), Aerodrome Capacity (25%), Equipment non-ATC (A-CDM replacement at Geneva Airport, 17%), Staffing (15%), ATC-Capacity (8%) and Equipment-ATC (3%).”

Regarding the identification and analysis by the NSA of the underlying reasons or circumstances having led to the performance target not being achieved, the NSA reports: “In 2025,

- in LSZH, exceptional delays were linked to Aerodrome Capacity and TTMS live trial (which we intend to continue, as they provide benefits to our customers)

- in LSGG, exceptional delays were linked to Aerodrome Capacity and A-CDM replacement and Staffing”

Regarding recommendations to the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “The adverse weather conditions not being in hands of the ANSP, the NSA recommended to work on the below remedial measures.”

Regarding remedial measures that have been / will be taken by the ANSP to rectify the situation, the NSA reports: “- New DARTS / Zurich "Replacement of Zurich Airport's obsolete application DARTS. skyguide is investing quite significantly, to modernise the architecture, so as to make it more reliable for the future.

DARTS is Zurich Ariports' main ATM application, supporting the management of departures as well as deicing. Quite some interactions with skyguide systems are necessary." 2027 Ongoing

- PAGE-2 / Geneva Introduction of e-strip (to replace paper strips) and of an AMAN, leading to reduced waste (and reduced delays). 2030 Ongoing

- LORD / Zurich Optimisation of separation on final (via RECAT, PWS, reduce MRS or TBS), allowing reduced delays. 2030 Planned

- AOP / Zurich Extension of the A-CDM mechanisms to the landside, and extension in time to D-180, thus allowing better planning (and allowing to optimise delays). 2027 Ongoing

- RET rwy 34 LSZH / Zurich Introduction of rapid exit taxiways for runway 34 in LSZH, allowing to increase the arrival throughput, and thus to reduce the delays. 2027 Ongoing

- RET rwy 04 LSGG / Geneva Introduction of rapid exit taxiways for runway 04 in LSGG, allowing to increase the arrival throughput, and thus to reduce the delays. 2029 Planned

- Staffing / Geneva Recruitment as necessary to use the full capacity of the training. Initiative launched to enhance the training success rate. Initiative launched to develop a break optimiser. 2026 Ongoing

- TTMS Target Time Management System trial during the entire year 2026; it generates additional delays (as observed in 2025) compared to normal situations but brings significant benefits to both Zurich airport and Swiss aircraft operator. 2026 Ongoing”

Regarding follow up of the remedial measures indicated in the previous monitoring report(s), the NSA reports: “Monthly Equipment Reports, that focus on the health of Skyguide's systems are systematically completed and made available to the Executive Board. These reports include both quantitative (number of open bugs…) and qualitative (feedback from the operators) information, which provides a good overview.”

Terminal capacity incentive scheme

In the first year of RP4, with an ATFM arrival delay of 2.07 min/arr, Switzerland did not achieve the national target of 1.60 min/arr. However, the pivot value for incentives (0.20 min/arr) is limited to CRSTMP delay causes. As CRSTMP delay of 0.22 min/arr falls within the malus sliding range for the incentive scheme, the NSA calculates a financial penalty of CHF 150,503.73.

Other terminal performance indicators (PI#1-3)

Airport level
Airport name
Avg arrival ATFM delay (KPI#2)
Slot adherence (PI#1)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Geneva 1.03 NA NA NA NA 93.3% NA NA NA NA
Zurich 2.73 NA NA NA NA 96.4% NA NA NA NA
Airport name
ATC pre departure delay (PI#2)
All causes pre departure delay (PI#3)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Geneva 0.39 NA NA NA NA 15.66 NA NA NA NA
Zurich 0.97 NA NA NA NA 16.75 NA NA NA NA
NoteFocus on other terminal performance indicators

ATFM slot adherence

ATFM slot adherence in 2025 was equal to 95.2%, very close to 2024 value – last year of RP3 – of 95.5%. There was a minor difference between Geneva (93.3%) and Zurich (96.4%).

With regard to the 4.8% of flights that did not adhere, 3.4% were early and 1.4% were late.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of ATFM slot adherence across Member States in 2025 was 96.3%.

As background information on actual performance, the NSA reports: “The performance in 2025 slightly deteriorated (5.21% outside slot tolerance window) against 2024 (4.46%), but Switzerland remains largely below the target of 20%.

Take note that following a technical update to Skyguide’s system deployed on 8 May 2025, which resolved an issue related to incorrect time calculations for joining or leaving flights with only one waypoint in the route, an unintended side effect was identified. This side effect affected IFR flights for which the SID endpoint coincided with the Exit COP within Swiss airspace. The issue was observed exclusively for departures from EDNY and LZSR using the BEMKI or KPT SIDs.

In these specific cases, the system transmitted multiple flight status messages (FSAs) after the initial correct message, with each subsequent FSA indicating progressively earlier timings.

The impact of this bug is, as of May 2025, the proportion of flights operating outside the Slot Tolerance Window increased significantly, exceeding the regulatory threshold.

A corrective software update was deployed on 19 February 2026, preventing the transmission of multiple incorrect FSAs. As anticipated, this fix fully resolved the issue for both EDNY and LSZR”

ATC pre-departure delay

Delay in Zurich in 2025 decreased to 0.97 min/dep, 18% lower than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 1.18 min/dep.

Delay in Geneva in 2025 decreased to 0.39 min/dep, 15% lower than 2024 value– last year of RP3 – of 0.46 min/dep.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of ATC pre-departure delay across Member States and for which enough data is available in 2025 was 0.74 min/dep.

As background information on actual performance, the NSA reports: “Performance improved in both Geneva and Zurich airports, no specific measures were implemented.”

All causes pre-departure delay

Delay in 2025 decreased in both Zurich and Geneva compared to the value of 2024 – last year of RP3. In the case of Zurich, it went from 18.75 min/dep to 16.75 min/dep, a reduction of 11%. In the case of Geneva, from 16.26 min/dep to 15.66 min/dep, a reduction of 4%.

The average for RP4 airports subject to monitoring of all causes pre-departure delay across Member States in 2025 was 16.47 min/dep.

As background information on actual performance, the NSA reports: “Performance improved in both Geneva and Zurich airports, no specific measures were implemented.”

Regarding the absence of data at airport level, the NSA reports: “All cause departure delay is very generic and ATFM delay is only a small contributor. Departure delay can be generated by ATFM en-route delay (not only local airport, but the complete Network) but also reactionary and turnaround delay, technical issues with the aircraft, airport operations, problems with passengers and or luggage, etc. In other words, it is not always possible to address a specific reason as this delay is quite generic. It would be more interesting to check the overall ANSP share against the share of the other network stakeholders (airports and AOs) and also show the weather induced subshare.”

 
  • © European Union, 2026