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        • Unit cost
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        • Regulatory Result

    Cost-efficiency - Czech Republic

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    Terminal charging zone

    Unit cost

    Actual and determined data
    Total costs - nominal (M€) 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
    Determined costs 25.1 26.5 27.1 28.0 28.5
    Actual costs 24.7 NA NA NA NA
    Difference costs -0.4 NA NA NA NA
    Inflation assumptions 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
    Determined inflation rate 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%
    Determined inflation index* 116.7 119 121.4 123.9 126.3
    Actual inflation rate 2.3% NA NA NA NA
    Actual inflation index* 117.7 NA NA NA NA
    Difference inflation index (p.p.) +1 NA NA NA NA
    *100 = 2022
    NoteFocus on unit cost

    AUC vs. DUC

    In 2025, the terminal AUC was -5.7% (or -361.02 CZK2022, -14.72 €2022) lower than the planned DUC. This results from the combination of higher than planned TNSUs (+3.1%) and lower than planned terminal costs in real terms (-2.8%, or -15.1 MCZK2022, -0.6 M€2022).

    Terminal service units

    The difference between actual and planned TNSUs (+3.1%) falls outside the ±2% dead-band but does not exceed the ±10% threshold foreseen in the traffic risk sharing mechanism. The resulting gain of additional terminal revenues is therefore shared between the ANSP and the airspace users (see the main ANSP regulatory result).

    Terminal costs by entity

    Actual real terminal costs are -2.8% (-0.6 M€2022) lower than planned. This is the result of lower costs for the main ANSP, ANS CR (-2.9%, or -0.6 M€2022) and the NSA (-0.7%) and higher costs for the MET service provider (+2.9%).

    Terminal costs for the main ANSP (ANS CR) at charging zone level

    Based on the additional information to the terminal reporting tables, the lower than planned terminal costs in real terms for ANS CR in 2025 (-2.9%, or -0.6 M€2022) result from:

    • Slightly higher than planned staff costs (+1.6%), mainly due to the high inflation experienced in 2022 and 2023 feeding through into employee compensation.

    • Lower than planned other operating costs (-3.0%), mainly due to cost containment measures introduced by ANS CR.

    • Significantly lower than planned depreciation (-16.5%), mainly because some planned system upgrades were postponed.

    • Significantly lower than planned cost of capital (-9.5%), mainly due to a gap in some investments resulting in a lower NBV of fixed assets.

    Assessment of the actual performance in the charging zone reported by the NSA

    The NSA of Czech Republic provides the following overall assessment of the actual performance in 2025 at charging zone level:

    “The actual DUC was lower than determined and the target was met.”

    Explanation of the differences between actual and determined costs at charging zone level reported by the NSA

    The NSA provides the following explanation for the differences between actual and determined costs in the charging zone:

    “The slightly higher staff costs were offset by savings in the other cost categories and by higher than determined traffic.”

    Recommendations formulated by the NSA to the ANSP (ANS CR) to rectify the situation and actions taken by the ANSP

    The NSA 2025 monitoring report indicates the following recommendations formulated by the NSA:

    “To maintain the efforts keeping ANSP in healthy financial condition being able to cope the current and future challenges. ANSPs should continue its cost-cutting measures while not undermining future capacity.”

    No information was provided by the ANSP in the NSA 2025 Monitoring Report regarding actions taken.

    Actual unit cost incurred by the users (AUCU) (PI#1)

    AUCU components (€/SU) – 2025
    €/SU
    DUC 290.33
    Inflation adjustment 1.78
    Cost exempt from cost sharing -8.75
    Traffic risk sharing adjustment -2.07
    Traffic adjustment (costs not TRS) -0.29
    Financial incentives -2.12
    Modulation of charges 0.00
    Cross-financing 0.00
    Other revenues -23.54
    Application of lower unit rate -80.62
    Total adjustments -115.60
    AUCU 174.73
    AUCU vs. DUC -39.8%
    Cost exempt from cost sharing by item - 2025 €'000 €/SU
    New and existing investments -771.8 -8.69
    Competent authorities and qualified entities costs -4.1 -0.05
    Eurocontrol costs 0.0 0.00
    Pension costs -1.5 -0.02
    Interest on loans -0.2 0.00
    Changes in law 0.0 0.00
    Total cost exempt from cost risk sharing -777.5 -8.75
    NoteFocus on AUCU

    Terminal AUCU monitoring at charging zone level

    The actual terminal unit cost incurred by airspace users (AUCU) in respect of activities performed in 2025 (4 308.75 CZK or 174.73 €) is -39.8% lower than the nominal DUC (7 159.41 CZK or 290.33 €). The difference between these two figures (-2 850.66 CZK/SU or -115.60 €/SU) is due to:

    • the positive inflation adjustment resulting from higher than planned inflation (+43.97 CZK/SU or +1.78 €/SU);

    • the impact of adjustments resulting from the costs exempted from cost sharing mechanism (-215.88 CZK/SU or -8.75 €/SU). It should be noted that the NSA of the Czech Republic decided not to charge the difference in pension costs for 2025 to the airspace users (some +1.5 MCZK, corresponding to -16.37 CZK/SU or -0.66 €/SU).

    • the deduction of the traffic risk sharing adjustments (-51.04 CZK/SU or -2.07 €/SU);

    • the deduction of the traffic adjustment (-7.03 CZK/SU or -0.29 €/SU) for the costs not subject to traffic risk sharing;

    • the impact of financial incentives (-52.25 CZK/SU or -2.12 €/SU);

    • the deduction of other revenues (-580.43 CZK/SU or -23.54 €/SU); and,

    • the application of a lower unit rate as foreseen in Art. 29(6) in year 2025(-1 988.00 CZK/SU or -80.62 €/SU).

    The share of the regulatory result (see next sub-section) in the AUCU (before the deduction of other revenues) is 7.1%.

    Initiatives implemented or planned that will improve this PI reported by the NSA

    No information on such initiatives was provided in the NSA 2025 Monitoring Report.

    Regulatory result (RR)

    NoteFocus on regulatory result

    ANS CR net gain/loss on activity in the Czech Republic terminal charging zone in 2025

    ANS CR reported a net gain of +0.2 M€, as a combination of a loss of -0.2 M€ arising from the cost sharing mechanism, with a gain of +0.6 M€ arising from the traffic risk sharing mechanism and a loss of -0.2 M€ relating to financial incentives.

    ANS CR overall regulatory result (RR) for the terminal activity

    Ex-post, the overall RR, taking into account the net gain from the terminal activity mentioned above (+0.2 M€) and the actual RoE (+1.1 M€), amounts to +1.3 M€ (5.2% of the terminal revenues). The resulting ex-post rate of return on equity is 9.7%, which is higher than the 8.2% planned in the PP (see also Note 1 below).

    Note 1

    The ex-post RR does not take into account the application of the lower terminal unit rate as per Art. 29.6 (loss of revenue amounts to -7.2 M€ for 2025).

     
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